Department of Sociology, Center for Social and Demographic Analysis, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
Department of Demography, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA.
Soc Sci Res. 2022 Jan;101:102624. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102624. Epub 2021 Aug 12.
The growth in residential segregation by income implies an increase over time in the neighborhood income gap between rich and poor households. This analysis uses data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, in concert with tract-level decennial U.S. census data, to quantify the relative contribution of two proximate sources of this increase: change in the income-class-selectivity of inter-neighborhood migrants and change in the class difference in neighborhood income among non-migrants, or in situ change. Change in the income-class-selectivity of migrants is likely to be particularly important for explaining the increase in the neighborhood income gap among blacks to the extent that declining housing discrimination enables middle-class blacks to access higher-income neighborhoods. Decomposition of the change between 1980 and 1990 in the class difference in neighborhood income shows that, among blacks, the increase in the neighborhood income gap between rich and poor persons is attributable in large measure to a change in migrant selectivity. An increase in the class difference in average income among the destination neighborhoods of short-distance migrants is a particularly important source of the growth in the class difference in neighborhood income among blacks. In contrast, among whites, the bulk of the increase in the class difference in neighborhood income is attributable to a divergence in neighborhood income between rich and poor non-migrants.
居民收入隔离程度的增加意味着，富人和穷人家庭之间的社区收入差距在不断扩大。本分析使用来自收入动态面板研究的数据，并结合每个普查区十年一次的美国人口普查数据，量化了导致这一增长的两个近因的相对贡献：邻里间移民的收入阶层选择性变化，以及非移民（即原地变化）中邻里收入的阶层差异变化。移民收入阶层选择性的变化可能对解释黑人社区收入差距的扩大特别重要，因为住房歧视的减少使中产阶级黑人能够进入更高收入的社区。对 1980 年至 1990 年间邻里收入阶层差异变化的分解表明，在黑人中，富人和穷人之间的社区收入差距的扩大在很大程度上归因于移民选择性的变化。短距离移民目的地社区平均收入阶层差异的增加，是黑人社区收入阶层差异增长的一个特别重要的原因。相比之下，在白人中，邻里收入阶层差异增加的大部分原因是富人和穷人非移民之间的邻里收入差异扩大。
