Herath Jayampathi, Ellepola Gajaba, Meegaskumbura Madhava
College of Forestry Guangxi Key Lab for Forest Ecology and Conservation Guangxi University Nanning China.
Department of Zoology Faculty of Science University of Peradeniya Kandy Sri Lanka.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Oct 25;11(22):15498-15519. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8243. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Ranaviral infections, a malady of ectothermic vertebrates, are becoming frequent, severe, and widespread, causing mortality among both wild and cultured species, raising odds of species extinctions and economic losses. This increase in infection is possibly due to the broad host range of ranaviruses and the transmission of these pathogens through regional and international trade in Asia, where outbreaks have been increasingly reported over the past decade. Here, we focus attention on the origins, means of transmission, and patterns of spread of this infection within the region. Infections have been recorded in both cultured and wild populations in at least nine countries/administrative regions, together with mass die-offs in some regions. Despite the imminent seriousness of the disease in Asia, surveillance efforts are still incipient. Some of the viral strains within Asia may transmit across host-taxon barriers, posing a significant risk to native species. Factors such as rising temperatures due to global climate change seem to exacerbate ranaviral activity, as most known outbreaks have been recorded during summer; however, data are still inadequate to verify this pattern for Asia. Import risk analysis, using protocols such as Pandora+, pre-border pathogen screening, and effective biosecurity measures, can be used to mitigate introduction of ranaviruses to uninfected areas and curb transmission within Asia. Comprehensive surveillance using molecular diagnostic tools for ranavirus species and variants will help in understanding the prevalence and disease burden in the region. This is an important step toward conserving native biodiversity and safeguarding the aquaculture industry.
蛙病毒感染是变温脊椎动物的一种疾病，正变得频繁、严重且广泛传播，导致野生和养殖物种死亡，增加了物种灭绝的几率和经济损失。感染增加可能是由于蛙病毒宿主范围广泛，以及这些病原体通过亚洲的区域和国际贸易传播，在过去十年里，亚洲越来越多地报告了疫情爆发。在这里，我们重点关注这种感染在该地区的起源、传播方式和传播模式。至少在9个国家/行政区的养殖和野生种群中都记录到了感染情况，一些地区还出现了大量死亡事件。尽管这种疾病在亚洲已迫在眉睫，但监测工作仍处于初期阶段。亚洲的一些病毒株可能会跨越宿主分类群障碍传播，对本地物种构成重大风险。全球气候变化导致的气温上升等因素似乎会加剧蛙病毒的活动，因为大多数已知的疫情爆发都记录在夏季；然而，目前的数据仍不足以证实亚洲的这种模式。利用潘多拉+等协议进行进口风险分析、边境前病原体筛查和有效的生物安全措施，可用于减少蛙病毒传入未感染地区，并遏制其在亚洲的传播。使用针对蛙病毒物种和变种的分子诊断工具进行全面监测，将有助于了解该地区的流行情况和疾病负担。这是保护本地生物多样性和保障水产养殖业的重要一步。
