Le Thao P, Winter Andreas, Adesso Gerardo
School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys, 23, 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
Entropy (Basel). 2021 Nov 13;23(11):1506. doi: 10.3390/e23111506.
Under the influence of external environments, quantum systems can undergo various different processes, including decoherence and equilibration. We observe that macroscopic objects are both objective and thermal, thus leading to the expectation that both objectivity and thermalisation can peacefully coexist on the quantum regime too. Crucially, however, objectivity relies on distributed classical information that could conflict with thermalisation. Here, we examine the overlap between thermal and objective states. We find that in general, one cannot exist when the other is present. However, there are certain regimes where thermality and objectivity are more likely to coexist: in the high temperature limit, at the non-degenerate low temperature limit, and when the environment is large. This is consistent with our experiences that everyday-sized objects can be both thermal and objective.
在外部环境的影响下，量子系统会经历各种不同的过程，包括退相干和平衡。我们观察到宏观物体既是客观的又是热的，因此期望客观性和热化在量子领域也能和平共存。然而，关键的是，客观性依赖于可能与热化相冲突的分布式经典信息。在这里，我们研究热态和客观态之间的重叠。我们发现，一般来说，当一个存在时，另一个就不能存在。然而，在某些情况下，热和客观性更有可能共存：在高温极限、非简并低温极限以及环境较大时。这与我们日常大小的物体既可以是热的又可以是客观的经验是一致的。
