Chen Wenwen, Li Zhongyu, Deng Pengwei, Li Zhengnan, Xu Yuhai, Li Hongjing, Su Wentao, Qin Jianhua
CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Nov 20;11(11):2151. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11112151.
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Although many factors associated with breast cancer have been identified, the definite etiology of breast cancer is still unclear. In addition, early diagnosis of breast cancer remains challenging. Exosomes are membrane-bound nanovesicles secreted by most types of cells and contain a series of biologically important molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and miRNAs, etc. Emerging evidence shows that exosomes can affect the status of cells by transmitting substances and messages among cells and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. In breast cancer, exosomes play a significant role in breast tumorigenesis and progression through transfer miRNAs which can be potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of breast cancer. This review discusses the potential utility of exosomal miRNAs in breast cancer progression such as tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune regulation and drug resistance, and further in breast cancer diagnosis.
乳腺癌是全球女性中最常被诊断出的恶性肿瘤之一，也是癌症死亡的主要原因。尽管已经确定了许多与乳腺癌相关的因素，但乳腺癌的确切病因仍不清楚。此外，乳腺癌的早期诊断仍然具有挑战性。外泌体是大多数类型细胞分泌的膜结合纳米囊泡，包含一系列生物学上重要的分子，如脂质、蛋白质和微小RNA等。新出现的证据表明，外泌体可以通过在细胞间传递物质和信息来影响细胞状态，并参与各种生理和病理过程。在乳腺癌中，外泌体通过转移微小RNA在乳腺肿瘤发生和进展中发挥重要作用，这些微小RNA可能是乳腺癌早期诊断的潜在生物标志物。本文综述了外泌体微小RNA在乳腺癌进展（如肿瘤发生、转移、免疫调节和耐药性）以及乳腺癌诊断中的潜在应用。
