Contreras-Zentella Martha Lucinda, Hernández-Muñoz Rolando
Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 70-243, Avenida Universidad # 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Oct 29;10(11):1729. doi: 10.3390/antiox10111729.
The number of patients afflicted by type 2 diabetes and its morbidities has increased alarmingly, becoming the cause of many deaths. Normally, during nutrient intake, insulin secretion is increased and glucagon secretion is repressed, but when plasma glucose concentration increases, a state of prediabetes occurs. High concentration of plasma glucose breaks the redox balance, inducing an oxidative stress that promotes chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion. In the same context, obesity is one of the most crucial factors inducing insulin resistance, inflammation, and contributing to the onset of type 2 diabetes. Measurements of metabolites like glucose, fructose, amino acids, and lipids exhibit significant predictive associations with type 2 diabetes or a prediabetes state and lead to changes in plasma metabolites that could be selectively affected by gender and age. In terms of gender, women and men have biological dissimilarities that might have an important role for the development, diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and relevant hazards in both genders, for type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the present review attempts to analyze the influence of gender on the relationships among inflammatory events, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations in patients undergoing obesity and/or type 2 diabetes.
2型糖尿病及其并发症的患病人数激增，已成为许多人死亡的原因。正常情况下，在营养摄入期间，胰岛素分泌增加，胰高血糖素分泌受到抑制，但当血浆葡萄糖浓度升高时，就会出现糖尿病前期状态。高浓度的血浆葡萄糖会打破氧化还原平衡，引发氧化应激，进而促进慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌受损。同样，肥胖是导致胰岛素抵抗、炎症并促使2型糖尿病发病的关键因素之一。对葡萄糖、果糖、氨基酸和脂质等代谢物的测量显示，它们与2型糖尿病或糖尿病前期状态存在显著的预测关联，并导致血浆代谢物发生变化，而这些变化可能会受到性别和年龄的选择性影响。就性别而言，男性和女性存在生物学差异，这可能对2型糖尿病、肥胖症以及两性相关危害的发生、诊断、治疗和预防具有重要作用。因此，本综述试图分析性别对肥胖和/或2型糖尿病患者炎症事件、氧化应激和代谢改变之间关系的影响。
