Kandalaft Lana E, Harari Alexandre
Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Nov 19;13(22):5819. doi: 10.3390/cancers13225819.
Impressive progress has recently been made in the field of cancer immunotherapy with the adoptive transfer of T cells, a successful personalized strategy, and checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) having extended the survival of numerous patients. However, not all patients have been able to benefit from these innovations. A key determinant of the responsiveness to cancer immunotherapies is the presence of T cells within the tumors. These tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are crucial in controlling tumor growth and their activity is being potentiated by immunotherapies. Although some epithelial cancers are associated with spontaneous T-cell and B-cell responses, which makes them good candidates for immunotherapies, it remains to create strategies that would promote lymphocyte infiltration and enable sustained immune responses in immune-resistant tumors. Therapeutic cancer vaccines hold the potential of being able to render "cold", poorly infiltrated tumors into "hot" tumors that would be receptive to cellular immunotherapies. In this review, we elaborate on the obstacles that need to be overcome and the strategies that are being explored to that end, including various types of antigen repertoires and different vaccine platforms and combinations with other available treatments.
近年来，通过T细胞过继性转移这一成功的个性化策略以及检查点抑制剂（CPI），癌症免疫治疗领域取得了令人瞩目的进展，众多患者的生存期得以延长。然而，并非所有患者都能从这些创新中获益。对癌症免疫疗法反应性的一个关键决定因素是肿瘤内T细胞的存在。这些肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TILs）在控制肿瘤生长中至关重要，并且免疫疗法正在增强它们的活性。尽管一些上皮癌与自发的T细胞和B细胞反应相关，这使其成为免疫疗法的良好候选者，但仍需制定策略来促进淋巴细胞浸润，并在免疫抗性肿瘤中实现持续的免疫反应。治疗性癌症疫苗有潜力将“冷”的、浸润性差的肿瘤转变为对细胞免疫疗法敏感的“热”肿瘤。在本综述中，我们阐述了需要克服的障碍以及为此正在探索的策略，包括各种类型的抗原库、不同的疫苗平台以及与其他现有治疗方法的联合应用。
