Aguilar Francisco José Jiménez-Espadafor, Vélez Godiño José Antonio, Torres García Miguel, Gallardo Fuentes José María, Díaz Gutiérrez Eduardo
Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain.
Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cádiz, Avda. Universidad de Cádiz, nº 10, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Nov 18;14(22):6978. doi: 10.3390/ma14226978.
Fire refining of blister copper is a singular process at very high temperatures (~1400 K), which means the furnace is exposed to heavy thermal loads. The charge is directly heated by an internal burner. The impurities in the charge oxidize with the flux of hot gases, creating a slag layer on the top of the molten bath. This slag is periodically removed, which implies liquid metal flowing through the furnace port. To address its malfunction, a re-design of the furnace port is presented in this work. Due to the lack of previous technical information, the convective heat transfer coefficient between the slag and the furnace port was characterized through a combination of an experimental test and a three-dimensional transient model. Finally, the original design of the furnace port was analyzed and modifications were proposed, resulting in a reduction of the average temperature of the critical areas up to 300 K. This improvement prevents the anchoring of the accretion layer over the port plates and the steel plate from being attacked by the copper.
粗铜火法精炼是在非常高的温度（约1400K）下进行的独特过程，这意味着熔炉承受着巨大的热负荷。炉料由内部燃烧器直接加热。炉料中的杂质与热气流一起氧化，在熔池顶部形成一层炉渣。该炉渣会定期清除，这意味着液态金属会流经熔炉炉口。为了解决其故障问题，本文提出了对炉口的重新设计。由于缺乏先前的技术信息，通过实验测试和三维瞬态模型相结合的方式对炉渣与炉口之间的对流换热系数进行了表征。最后，对炉口的原始设计进行了分析并提出了改进方案，使关键区域的平均温度降低了300K。这一改进防止了炉口板上堆积层的附着以及钢板受到铜的侵蚀。
