Khan Muhammad Usman, Abas Muhammad, Noor Sahar, Salah Bashir, Saleem Waqas, Khan Razaullah
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan.
Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Nov 22;13(22):4038. doi: 10.3390/polym13224038.
The utilization of composite materials is increasing at a growing rate in almost all types of products, due to their strength-to-stiffness ratio. From this perspective, natural waste composites, i.e., wood waste composites, have also been investigated for their effective and sustainable employment. This paper deals with the application of hard and soft wood waste (i.e., acacia and cedar wood) with epoxy resin polymer to develop high strength and thermally stable wood composites. Mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness) and thermal properties of samples are studied using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), respectively. The properties are evaluated by varying the type of wood waste and its percentage by weight. Based on the Taguchi Orthogonal Array Mixture Design, eighteen experiments are investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show that wood waste type and wood waste content have a significant effect on all mechanical properties. From the TGA analysis, it is predicted that both types of wood waste composites exhibit similar thermal-induced degradation profiles in terms of the initial and final degradation temperatures. From the DSC results, higher glass transition temperature T is detected in 10% of the hardwood waste composite, and a reducing tendency of glass transition temperature T is observed with exceeding wood waste content. Moreover, hardwood waste at 10% demonstrated improved decomposition temperature T, due to strong adhesion between waste and matrix.
由于复合材料的强度与刚度比，其在几乎所有类型产品中的利用率正以越来越快的速度增长。从这个角度来看，天然废弃物复合材料，即木材废弃物复合材料，也因其有效且可持续的利用而受到研究。本文探讨了将硬木和软木废弃物（即相思木和雪松木）与环氧树脂聚合物相结合，以开发高强度和热稳定的木材复合材料。分别使用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和热重分析（TGA）研究了样品的机械性能（拉伸、弯曲、冲击和硬度）和热性能。通过改变木材废弃物的类型及其重量百分比来评估这些性能。基于田口正交阵列混合设计，进行了18次实验。方差分析（ANOVA）结果表明，木材废弃物类型和木材废弃物含量对所有机械性能都有显著影响。从TGA分析可以预测，两种类型的木材废弃物复合材料在初始和最终降解温度方面表现出相似的热诱导降解曲线。从DSC结果来看，在10%的硬木废弃物复合材料中检测到较高的玻璃化转变温度T，并且随着木材废弃物含量的增加，玻璃化转变温度T呈现出降低的趋势。此外，10%的硬木废弃物由于废弃物与基体之间的强附着力，其分解温度T有所提高。
