Świsłowski Paweł, Nowak Arkadiusz, Rajfur Małgorzata
Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska St. 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden, Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Prawdziwka St. 2, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 5;10(11):2389. doi: 10.3390/plants10112389.
Biomonitoring was proposed to assess the condition of living organisms or entire ecosystems with the use of bioindicators-species sensitive to specific pollutants. It is important that the bioindicator species remains alive for as long as possible while retaining the ability to react to the negative effects of pollution (elimination/neutralization of hazardous contaminants). The purpose of the study was to assess the survival of moss during exposure (moss-bag technique) based on the measurement of the concentration of elements (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb), chlorophyll content, and its fluorescence. The study was carried out using a CCM-300 portable chlorophyll content meter, portable fluorometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. As a result of the laboratory tests, no significant differences were found in the chlorophyll content in the gametophytes of mosses tested immediately after collection from the forest, compared to those drying at room temperature in the laboratory ( = 0.175 for Student's -test results). Mosses exposed using the moss-bag technique of active biomonitoring were characterized by a drop in the chlorophyll content over 12 weeks (more than 50% and 60% for chlorophyll- and chlorophyll-, respectively). Chlorophyll content in mosses during exposure was correlated with actual photochemical efficiency (yield) of photosystem II (calculated value of Pearson's linear correlation coefficient was 0.94-there was a significant correlation between chlorophyll and yield = 0.02). The highest metal increases in mosses ( values) were observed for zinc, lead, and copper after the second and third month of exposure. The article demonstrates that the moss exposed in an urbanized area for a period of three months maintains the properties of good bioindicator of environmental quality.
生物监测旨在利用对特定污染物敏感的生物指示物种（生物指示物）来评估生物体或整个生态系统的状况。重要的是，生物指示物种要尽可能长时间存活，同时保持对污染负面影响做出反应的能力（消除/中和有害污染物）。本研究的目的是通过测量元素（镍、铜、锌、镉和铅）浓度、叶绿素含量及其荧光，评估暴露期间苔藓的存活率（苔藓袋技术）。该研究使用了CCM - 300便携式叶绿素含量仪、便携式荧光计、紫外可见分光光度计和火焰原子吸收光谱仪。实验室测试结果表明，从森林采集后立即测试的苔藓配子体中的叶绿素含量，与在实验室室温下干燥的苔藓相比，没有显著差异（学生t检验结果为t = 0.175）。采用活性生物监测的苔藓袋技术暴露的苔藓，其叶绿素含量在12周内下降（叶绿素a和叶绿素b分别下降超过50%和60%）。暴露期间苔藓中的叶绿素含量与光系统II的实际光化学效率（产量）相关（皮尔逊线性相关系数计算值为0.94，叶绿素a与产量之间存在显著相关性，p = 0.02）。暴露第二个月和第三个月后，苔藓中锌、铅和铜的金属含量增加最多（t值）。本文表明，在城市化地区暴露三个月的苔藓保持了良好的环境质量生物指示物特性。
