Zhang Qianqian, Wu Zhenbing, Zhao Juan, Wang Guojie, Hao Jingwen, Wang Shuyi, Lin Yaoyao, Guan Hongtao, Zhang Jinyong, Jian Shenglong, Li Aihua
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Microorganisms. 2021 Oct 29;9(11):2260. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9112260.
Bacterial community plays a key role in environmental and ecological processes of river ecosystems. Given the special climatic and geographical conditions, studying the compositional characteristics of microorganisms in highland rivers and the relationship between such microorganisms and water physicochemical factors is important for an in-depth understanding of microbial ecological mechanisms. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate and study the bacterioplankton community of the Huangshui River in the ecotone zone of the Qinghai Plateau and Loess Plateau. The results showed that the Huangshui River had significantly lower alpha diversity than the plain rivers. Despite the similarity in their environmental conditions, the main taxonomic compositions of the bacterial communities were distinct between the Huangshui River and polar regions (the Arctic and Antarctica). Proteobacteria accounted for the largest proportion (30.79-99.98%) of all the sequences, followed by Firmicutes (0-49.38%). was the most numerous genera, which accounted for 0.03-86.16% of the assigned 16S reads, followed by (0-95.9%), both belonging to Alphaproteobacteria. The diverse taxa of potential pathogens, such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas, were also identified. A principal coordinates analysis, coupled with a canonical correspondence analysis, showed spatial variations in the bacterial community composition. The water physical properties (e.g., Cr, total phosphorus, and COD); altitude; and land use (e.g., urban land cover and aquaculture) determined the distribution of the bacterioplankton composition. PICRUSt2 revealed that the overall functional profiles of the bacterial communities in different samples were similar, and our results suggested the potential health risks of water sources in this area. This work provided valuable insight into the composition of the plankton bacterial community and its relationship with the environmental factors in the Huangshui River in the ecotone zone of the Qinghai Plateau and Loess Plateau and a theoretical foundation for ecological health management.
细菌群落对河流生态系统的环境和生态过程起着关键作用。鉴于特殊的气候和地理条件，研究高原河流中微生物的组成特征以及这些微生物与水体理化因子之间的关系，对于深入了解微生物生态机制具有重要意义。在本研究中，采用高通量测序技术对青藏高原与黄土高原过渡地带的湟水河浮游细菌群落进行了调查研究。结果表明，湟水河的α多样性显著低于平原河流。尽管环境条件相似，但湟水河与极地地区（北极和南极）细菌群落的主要分类组成明显不同。变形菌门在所有序列中占比最大（30.79 - 99.98%），其次是厚壁菌门（0 - 49.38%）。 是数量最多的属，占已分类16S reads的0.03 - 86.16%，其次是 （0 - 95.9%），二者均属于α-变形菌纲。还鉴定出了多种潜在病原体分类群，如不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属和气单胞菌属。主坐标分析结合典范对应分析表明细菌群落组成存在空间变异。水体物理性质（如铬、总磷和化学需氧量）、海拔以及土地利用（如城市土地覆盖和水产养殖）决定了浮游细菌组成的分布。PICRUSt2分析表明不同样本中细菌群落的整体功能概况相似，我们的研究结果提示了该地区水源存在潜在健康风险。这项工作为青藏高原与黄土高原过渡地带湟水河浮游细菌群落组成及其与环境因子的关系提供了有价值的见解，为生态健康管理奠定了理论基础。
