A new class of 5-HT /5-HT receptor inverse agonists: Synthesis, molecular modeling, in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of novel 2-aminotetralins.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The 5-HT receptor subtypes 5-HT and 5-HT are important neurotherapeutic targets, though, obtaining selectivity over 5-HT and H receptors is challenging. Here, we delineated molecular determinants of selective binding to 5-HT and 5-HT receptors for novel 4-phenyl-2-dimethylaminotetralins (4-PATs).

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

We synthesized 42 novel 4-PATs with halogen or aryl moieties at the C(4)-phenyl meta-position. Affinity, function, molecular modeling and 5-HT receptor mutagenesis studies were performed to understand structure-activity relationships at 5-HT -type and H receptors. Lead 4-PAT-type 5-HT /5-HT receptor inverse agonists were compared with pimavanserin, a selective 5-HT /5-HT receptor inverse agonist approved to treat Parkinson's disease-related psychosis, in the mouse head twitch response and locomotor activity assays, models relevant to antipsychotic drug development.

KEY RESULTS

Most 4-PAT diastereomers in the (2S,4R)-configuration bound non-selectively to 5-HT , 5-HT and H receptors, with >100-fold selectivity over 5-HT receptors, whereas diastereomers in the (2R,4R)-configuration bound preferentially to 5-HT over 5-HT receptors and had >100-fold selectivity over 5-HT and H receptors. Results suggest that G238 and V235 in 5-HT receptors (conserved in 5-HT receptors) are important for high affinity binding, whereas interactions with T194 and W158 determine H receptor affinity. The 4-PAT analog (2S,4R)-4-(4'-(dimethylamino)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine, (2S,4R)-2k, a potent and selective 5-HT /5-HT receptor inverse agonist, had activity like pimavanserin in the mouse head twitch response assay but was distinct in not suppressing locomotor activity.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

The novel 4-PAT chemotype can yield selective 5-HT /5-HT receptor inverse agonists for antipsychotic drug development by optimizing ligand-receptor interactions in transmembrane domain 5. Chirality can be exploited to attain selectivity over H receptors, which may circumvent sedative effects.