Williams Victoria M, Bhagwandin Adhil, Swiegers Jordan, Bertelsen Mads F, Hård Therese, Sherwood Chet C, Manger Paul R
School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Division of Clinical Anatomy and Biological Anthropology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2022 Jun;305(6):1516-1535. doi: 10.1002/ar.24844. Epub 2021 Dec 3.
Using choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry, we describe the nuclear parcellation of the cholinergic system in the brains of two apes, a lar gibbon (Hylobates lar) and a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). The cholinergic nuclei observed in both apes studied are virtually identical to that observed in humans and show very strong similarity to the cholinergic nuclei observed in other primates and mammals more generally. One specific difference between humans and the two apes studied is that, with the specific choline acetyltransferase antibody used, the cholinergic pyramidal neurons observed in human cerebral cortex were not labeled. When comparing the two apes studied and humans to other primates, the presence of a greatly expanded cholinergic medullary tegmental field, and the presence of cholinergic neurons in the intermediate and dorsal horns of the cervical spinal cord are notable variations of the distribution of cholinergic neurons in apes compared to other primates. These neurons may play an important role in the modulation of ascending and descending neural transmissions through the spinal cord and caudal medulla, potentially related to the differing modes of locomotion in apes compared to other primates. Our observations also indicate that the average soma volume of the neurons forming the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) is larger than those of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPT) in both the lar gibbon and chimpanzee. This variability in soma volume appears to be related to the size of the adult derivatives of the alar and basal plate across mammalian species.
我们运用胆碱乙酰转移酶免疫组织化学方法，描述了一只白掌长臂猿（Hylobates lar）和一只黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）大脑中胆碱能系统的核团划分。在这两种猿类中观察到的胆碱能核团与人类观察到的几乎完全相同，并且与在其他灵长类动物和更广泛的哺乳动物中观察到的胆碱能核团非常相似。人类与这两种被研究猿类之间的一个特定差异在于，使用特定的胆碱乙酰转移酶抗体时，在人类大脑皮层中观察到的胆碱能锥体神经元未被标记。当将这两种被研究猿类和人类与其他灵长类动物进行比较时，与其他灵长类动物相比，猿类中胆碱能延髓被盖区显著扩大，以及颈脊髓中间角和背角中存在胆碱能神经元，是胆碱能神经元分布的显著差异。这些神经元可能在调节通过脊髓和延髓尾部的上行和下行神经传递中发挥重要作用，这可能与猿类与其他灵长类动物不同的运动方式有关。我们的观察还表明，在白掌长臂猿和黑猩猩中，构成外侧背侧被盖核（LDT）的神经元的平均胞体体积大于脚桥核（PPT）的神经元。这种胞体体积的变异性似乎与整个哺乳动物物种中翼板和基板的成年衍生物的大小有关。
