Nencki-EMBL Partnership for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders - BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Nencki-EMBL Partnership for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders - BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Jan;132:23-36. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.022. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
The natural habitats of most species are far from static, forcing animals to adapt to continuously changing conditions. Perhaps the most efficient strategy addressing this challenge consists of obtaining and acting upon pertinent information from others through social learning. We discuss how animals transfer information via social channels and what are the benefits of such exchanges, playing out on different levels, from theperception of socially delivered information to emotional sharing, manifesting themselves across different taxa of increasing biological complexity. We also discuss how social learning is influenced by different factors including pertinence of information for survival, the complexity of the environment, sex, genetic relatedness, and most notably, the relationship between interacting partners. The results appear to form a consistent picture once we shift our focus from emotional contagion as a prerequisite for empathy onto the role of shared emotions in providing vital information about the environment. From this point of view, we can propose approaches that are the most promising for further investigation of complex social phenomena, including learning from others.
大多数物种的自然栖息地远非静态的，这迫使动物必须适应不断变化的环境。也许应对这一挑战最有效的策略是通过社会学习从他人那里获取和利用相关信息。我们讨论了动物如何通过社会渠道传递信息，以及这种信息交流在不同层次上的好处，从对社会传递信息的感知到情感分享，跨越了越来越复杂的生物分类群。我们还讨论了社会学习如何受到不同因素的影响，包括信息对生存的相关性、环境的复杂性、性别、遗传亲缘关系，以及最重要的是，互动伙伴之间的关系。一旦我们将注意力从同理心的前提——情绪传染，转移到共享情绪在提供有关环境的重要信息方面的作用，结果就变得一致了。从这个角度来看，我们可以提出最有希望的方法，进一步研究复杂的社会现象，包括向他人学习。
