癌症患者的身体意象。
Body image in patients with different types of cancer.
机构信息
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 29;16(11):e0260602. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260602. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Cancer can cause physical changes and affect satisfaction with a persons' physical appearance, which in turn can affect overall quality of life. Previous studies have primarily focused on women with breast cancer and few is known about body image in patients with other cancers and especially men. The present study compares satisfaction with body image of patients with different types of cancer with the general population and across sexes and identifies risk factors for diminished body image. Additionally, patients that were diagnosed within the last year and those living with cancer for longer are compared.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, N = 531 cancer patients answered the German Self-Image Scale to assess body image. One sample t-tests are utilized to compare the body image of cancer patients with the general population. Stepwise regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with body image and ANOVAs with posthoc tests as well as t-tests were used to examine group differences.
RESULTS
Cancer patients showed diminished body image compared to the general population. For men, higher relationship satisfaction and lower cancer-specific distress were associated with more positive body self-acceptance (SA), whereas younger age, higher relationship satisfaction, and lower cancer-specific distress resulted in better perceived partner-acceptance of one's body (PA). In women, higher education, lower anxiety and cancer-specific distress were associated with more positive SA. Female cancer patients with breast/gynecological cancer reported better SA than those with visceral cancers. Higher relationship satisfaction and lower cancer-specific distress were found to be associated with more satisfactory PA in females. Time since diagnosis did not affect body image in this study.
CONCLUSIONS
Results indicate that cancer patients regardless of sex tend to have decreased body image satisfaction. Future research directions include examination of additional entities of cancer, deeper research in men and the role of time since diagnosis.
背景
癌症会导致身体变化，并影响人们对自身外貌的满意度，进而影响整体生活质量。先前的研究主要集中在患有乳腺癌的女性身上，而对于其他癌症患者，尤其是男性，对身体形象的了解甚少。本研究比较了不同类型癌症患者的身体形象满意度与普通人群的满意度，并确定了身体形象受损的风险因素。此外，还比较了最近诊断出癌症的患者和癌症存活时间较长的患者。
方法
在这项横断面研究中，N=531 名癌症患者回答了德国自我形象量表，以评估身体形象。采用单样本 t 检验比较癌症患者的身体形象与普通人群的身体形象。采用逐步回归分析确定与身体形象相关的因素，并采用方差分析和事后检验以及 t 检验来检查组间差异。
结果
与普通人群相比，癌症患者的身体形象较差。对于男性，较高的关系满意度和较低的癌症特异性困扰与更积极的身体自我接纳（SA）相关，而较年轻的年龄、较高的关系满意度和较低的癌症特异性困扰导致更好的感知伴侣对自己身体的接纳（PA）。对于女性，较高的教育程度、较低的焦虑和癌症特异性困扰与更积极的 SA 相关。患有乳腺/妇科癌症的女性癌症患者比患有内脏癌症的患者报告有更好的 SA。较高的关系满意度和较低的癌症特异性困扰与女性更满意的 PA 相关。在这项研究中，诊断时间的长短并没有影响身体形象。
结论
结果表明，无论性别如何，癌症患者往往对身体形象的满意度较低。未来的研究方向包括对其他癌症实体的进一步研究，对男性的深入研究以及诊断时间的作用。
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