SKP2 regulates ZEB1 expression and stimulates eutopic endometrial stromal cell invasion and proliferation of adenomyosis.

Though endometriosis is benign, however, it shares certain characteristics with cancers, such as the ability to invade and metastasize. Previous studies have demonstrated that S-phase kinase associated protein2 (SKP2) promotes invasion, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. However, its correlation with adenomyosis is unclear. Herein, we aimed to look into SKP2 expression patterns and regulatory effects on endometrial stromal cell (ESC) proliferation and invasion, and its internal mechanism in adenomyosis. Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunochemistry were carried out for detecting SKP2 and ZEB1 expression in ESC of adenomyosis and adenomyosis endometrial tissue. The primary ESCs were identified using immunofluorescence. SKP2 knockdown was accomplished in vitro by transfecting a particular lentivirus vector. The colony formation and CCK-8 assays were carried out for assessing cell proliferation, while cell invasion potential was assessed using the transwell assay. Both SKP2 and ZEB1 were found to be significantly upregulated in adenomyosis endometrial tissue. Knockdown of SKP2 inhibited adenomyotic ESC invasion and proliferation. Further experiments showed that knocking out SKP2 reduced ZEB1 expression in adenomyotic ESCs. Our results showed that SKP2 could regulate ZEB1 expression, and increased SKP2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis and stimulating ESC proliferation and invasion.