Brower Andrew V Z, de Pinna Mario C C
Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
Cladistics. 2012 Oct;28(5):529-538. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00398.x. Epub 2012 May 24.
A recent review of the homology concept in cladistics is critiqued in light of the historical literature. Homology as a notion relevant to the recognition of clades remains equivalent to synapomorphy. Some symplesiomorphies are "homologies" inasmuch as they represent synapomorphies of more inclusive taxa; others are complementary character states that do not imply any shared evolutionary history among the taxa that exhibit the state. Undirected character-state change (as characters optimized on an unrooted tree) is a necessary but not sufficient test of homology, because the addition of a root may alter parsimonious reconstructions. Primary and secondary homology are defended as realistic representations of discovery procedures in comparative biology, recognizable even in Direct Optimization. The epistemological relationship between homology as evidence and common ancestry as explanation is again emphasized. An alternative definition of homology is proposed. © The Willi Hennig Society 2012.
近期一篇关于支序分类学中同源性概念的综述，根据历史文献受到了批评。作为与分支识别相关的概念，同源性仍等同于共近裔性状。一些近裔共性是“同源性”，因为它们代表了更高级分类单元的共近裔性状；其他的则是互补性状状态，并不意味着呈现该状态的分类单元之间有任何共同的进化历史。无向性状状态变化（如在无根树上优化的性状）是同源性的必要但不充分检验，因为根的添加可能会改变简约重建。一级和二级同源性被视为比较生物学中发现过程的现实表现，即使在直接优化中也可识别。再次强调了作为证据的同源性与作为解释的共同祖先之间的认识论关系。提出了同源性的另一种定义。© 威利·亨尼希学会 2012 年。
