用于生物传感应用的纳米材料气体传感器：综述

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi University (A Central University), Doimukh, Itanagar - 791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2023;17(2):104-118. doi: 10.2174/1872210515666211129115229.

BACKGROUND

Nanomaterial is one of the most used materials for various gas sensing applications to detect toxic gases, human breath, and other specific gas sensing. One of the most important applications of nanomaterial based gas sensors is biosensing applications. In this review article, the gas sensors for biosensing are discussed on the basis of crystalline structure and different categories of nanomaterial.

METHODS

In this paper, firstly, rigorous efforts have been made to find out research questions by going through a structured and systematic survey of available peer reviewed high quality articles in this field. The papers related to nanomaterial based biosensors are then reviewed qualitatively to provide substantive findings from the recent developments in this field.

RESULTS

In this mini-review article, firstly, classifications of nanomaterial gas sensors have been presented on the basis of the crystalline structure of nanomaterial and different types of nanomaterial available for biosensing applications. Further, the gas sensors based on nanomaterial for biosensing applications are collected and reviewed in terms of their performance parameters such as sensing material used, target gas component, detection ranges (ppm-ppb), response time, operating temperature and method of detection, etc. The different nanomaterials possess slightly different sensing and morphological properties due to their structure; therefore, it can be said that a nanomaterial must be selected carefully for a particular application. The 1D nanomaterials show the best selectivity and sensitivity for gases available in low concentration ranges due to their miniaturised structure compared to 2D and 3D nanomaterials. However, these 2D and 3D nanomaterials also so good sensing properties compared to bulk semiconductor materials. The polymer and nanocomposites which are also discussed in this patent article have opened the door for future research and have great potential for new generation gas sensors for detecting biomolecules.

CONCLUSION

These nanomaterials extend great properties towards sensing the application of different gases for a lower concentration of particular gas particles. Nano polymer and nanocomposites have great potential to be used as gas sensors for the detection of biomolecules.

背景

纳米材料是用于各种气体传感应用（检测有毒气体、人体呼出气体及其他特定气体传感）的最常用材料之一。基于纳米材料的气体传感器最重要的应用之一是生物传感应用。在这篇综述文章中，基于晶体结构和不同类别的纳米材料对用于生物传感的气体传感器进行了讨论。

方法

在本文中，首先通过对该领域现有同行评审的高质量文章进行结构化和系统的调查，做出了严谨的努力来找出研究问题。然后对与基于纳米材料的生物传感器相关的论文进行定性综述，以提供该领域最新进展的实质性发现。

结果

在这篇小型综述文章中，首先，基于纳米材料的晶体结构和可用于生物传感应用的不同类型纳米材料，对纳米材料气体传感器进行了分类。此外，收集并综述了基于纳米材料用于生物传感应用的气体传感器的性能参数，如所用传感材料、目标气体成分、检测范围（ppm - ppb）、响应时间、工作温度和检测方法等。由于其结构不同，不同的纳米材料具有略有不同的传感和形态特性；因此，可以说对于特定应用必须仔细选择纳米材料。与二维和三维纳米材料相比，一维纳米材料由于其小型化结构，对低浓度范围内的气体表现出最佳的选择性和灵敏度。然而，与块状半导体材料相比，这些二维和三维纳米材料也具有良好的传感性能。本文专利文章中还讨论的聚合物和纳米复合材料为未来研究打开了大门，并且在用于检测生物分子的新一代气体传感器方面具有巨大潜力。