Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Small. 2022 Jan;18(2):e2105570. doi: 10.1002/smll.202105570. Epub 2021 Nov 30.
Airborne particulate matter (PM) pollutants, especially with nanoscale size, have caused serious public health issues. The global demand for high-performance and recyclable face masks is increasing dramatically, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, present masks suffer from low-efficiency interception of PM /pathogen, limited air permeability, and incapacity to reuse and recycle. Here, multi-scale nanoarchitectured nanofiber/carbon nanotube (NF/CNT) networks are constructed by a needleless-electrospinning/spraying-netting strategy, enabling well-dispersed CNT networks (diameter ≈ 25 nm) welded on charged nanofibrous scaffolds (diameter > 100 nm) layer by layer. The optimized NF/CNT networks possess a fluffy structure with narrow-distribution small pores (size ≈ 400 nm), "free molecular flow" behavior, and electrostatic adsorption property, thereby exhibiting high filtration efficiency (>99.994% PM removal) and low resistance (<0.05% atmosphere pressure). Furthermore, they demonstrate reliable and ultra-fast photothermal-driven self-sterilization (>99.986% in 5 min) under 1 sun and electrothermal-driven self-sterilization (>99.9999% in 2 min) in sunless scenes owing to their unique nanoarchitecture. Most importantly, the abandoned NF/CNT filters can be fully recycled as high-performance solar vapor generators to desalinate seawater (3.56 L m d ). This work offers a fascinating solution to reduce disease transmission, resource consumption, and environmental burdens.
空气中的颗粒物（PM）污染物，尤其是纳米级的污染物，已经对公众健康造成了严重影响。人们对高性能和可重复使用的口罩的需求在全球范围内急剧增加，尤其是在 COVID-19 大流行期间。然而，目前的口罩在过滤 PM/病原体方面的效率较低、透气性有限，且无法重复使用和回收。在这里，通过无针静电纺丝/喷射成网策略构建了多尺度纳米结构纳米纤维/碳纳米管（NF/CNT）网络，使分散良好的 CNT 网络（直径≈25nm）能够一层一层地焊接在带电荷的纳米纤维支架（直径>100nm）上。优化后的 NF/CNT 网络具有蓬松的结构，其小孔分布狭窄（尺寸≈400nm），呈现“自由分子流”行为和静电吸附特性，因此具有高过滤效率（>99.994%PM 去除率）和低阻力（<0.05%大气压）。此外，由于其独特的纳米结构，它们在 1 个太阳光照下能够可靠且超快地实现光热驱动自消毒（5 分钟内>99.986%），在无阳光场景下能够实现电热驱动自消毒（2 分钟内>99.9999%）。最重要的是，废弃的 NF/CNT 过滤器可以完全回收再利用，作为高性能太阳能蒸汽发生器来淡化海水（3.56 L m d）。这项工作提供了一种减少疾病传播、资源消耗和环境负担的解决方案。
