Ramirez-Llodra Eva, Trannum Hilde Cecilie, Andersen Guri S, Baeten Nicole J, Brooks Steven J, Escudero-Oñate Carlos, Gundersen Hege, Kleiv Rolf Arne, Ibragimova Olga, Lepland Aivo, Nepstad Raymond, Sandøy Roar, Schaanning Morten Thorne, Shimmield Tracy, Yakushev Evgeniy, Ferrando-Climent Laura, Høgaas Per Helge
Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; University of Agder, Center for Coastal Research, NO-4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; REV Ocean, Oksenøyveien 10, NO-1366 Lysaker, Norway.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2022 Jan;174:113150. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113150. Epub 2021 Nov 27.
Submarine tailing disposal (STD) in fjords from land-based mines is common practice in Norway and takes place in other regions worldwide. We synthesize the results of a multidisciplinary programme on environmental impacts of STDs in Norwegian fjords, providing new knowledge that can be applied to assess and mitigate impact of tailing disposal globally, both for submarine and deep-sea activities. Detailed geological seafloor mapping provided data on natural sedimentation to monitor depositional processes on the seafloor. Modelling and analytical techniques were used to assess the behaviour of tailing particles and process-chemicals in the environment, providing novel tools for monitoring. Toxicity tests showed biological impacts on test species due to particulate and chemical exposure. Hypersedimentation mesocosm and field experiments showed a varying response on the benthos, allowing to determine the transition zone in the STD impact area. Recolonisation studies indicate that full community recovery and normalisation of metal leakage rates may take several decades due to bioturbation and slow burial of sulfidic tailings. The results are synthesised to provide guidelines for the development of best available techniques for STDs.
挪威陆基矿山在峡湾进行海底尾矿处置（STD）是常见做法，世界其他地区也有此类情况。我们综合了一项关于挪威峡湾海底尾矿处置环境影响的多学科计划的结果，提供了可用于全球评估和减轻尾矿处置影响的新知识，涵盖海底和深海活动。详细的地质海底测绘提供了自然沉积数据，以监测海底的沉积过程。建模和分析技术用于评估尾矿颗粒和工艺化学品在环境中的行为，提供了新的监测工具。毒性测试表明，由于颗粒物和化学品暴露，对受试物种产生了生物影响。高沉积中宇宙和现场实验显示了对底栖生物的不同响应，从而能够确定海底尾矿处置影响区域的过渡带。再定殖研究表明，由于生物扰动和硫化尾矿的缓慢掩埋，群落完全恢复和金属泄漏率正常化可能需要几十年时间。综合这些结果以提供海底尾矿处置最佳可行技术发展的指导方针。
