Valentín María O, Pérez Blanco Alicia, Marazuela Rosario, Domínguez-Gil Beatriz
Organización Nacional de Trasplantes. Madrid. España.
Arch Esp Urol. 2021 Dec;74(10):910-921.
Kidney transplantation (KT) is the best therapeutic option for patients with end-stage renal disease in terms of survival, quality of life and cost-effectiveness. The fundamental difference of KT with respect to other therapies is that the process depends on the availability of organs for clinical use, availability that is insufficient to cover the increasing transplantation needs of the population. Another relevant feature of transplantation is that it entails a risk of transmission of diseases from donor to recipient, a risk that can be minimized, but not completely eliminated. Due to its characteristics and its unique nature (the human being), KT requires a specific regulation that guarantees the protection of all those who participate in the process: donors and their families, patients in need of a transplant, recipients of organs and healthcareprofessionals involved. In this article, we reviewthe ethical-legal standards that regulate the practice of kidney donation and transplantation at the international level and analyze the ethical-legal framework that is applicable in Spain.
肾移植（KT）在生存、生活质量和成本效益方面是终末期肾病患者的最佳治疗选择。肾移植与其他治疗方法的根本区别在于，该过程取决于临床可用器官的供应情况，而这种供应不足以满足不断增长的人群移植需求。移植的另一个相关特征是，它存在疾病从供体传播到受体的风险，这种风险虽可降至最低，但无法完全消除。由于肾移植的特性及其独特性质（涉及人类），它需要特定的监管，以确保保护所有参与该过程的人：供体及其家属、需要移植的患者、器官接受者以及相关医疗专业人员。在本文中，我们回顾了规范国际层面肾脏捐赠和移植实践的伦理法律标准，并分析了适用于西班牙的伦理法律框架。
