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西玛德洛斯胡埃洛斯遗址(西班牙阿塔普埃卡山脉)中更新世中期人类的牙齿化石:下颌齿列。

Dental remains of the Middle Pleistocene hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): Mandibular dentition.

机构信息

CENIEH (Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana), Burgos, Spain.

Anthropology Department, University College London, London, UK.

出版信息

Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2024 Jul;307(7):2394-2409. doi: 10.1002/ar.24840. Epub 2021 Dec 1.

Abstract

The Middle Pleistocene site of the Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain) has yielded a considerable number of human fossils during the period 1984-2020. Among them, up to 314 mandibular teeth have been identified. In this second paper dedicated to the dentition we present the description of the eight dental classes of the mandible following the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) classification. In addition, we show the mean mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters obtained in these teeth compared to those of Neanderthals and a modern human sample. The morphology of both the anterior and posterior teeth suggests a close relationship of the Sima de los Huesos hominins with the populations of the second half of the Middle Pleistocene of Europe and the Near East, as well as with the so-called classic Neanderthals of Europe. The combination of dental traits in these populations is characteristic and diagnostic and suggests grouping the Sima de los Huesos hominins with the other paleodemes in a Neanderthal clade. The dental evidence of the Sima de los Huesos hominins is key to propose a complex model for the settlement of Europe during the Middle Pleistocene. In this period, different migrations of human groups probably coming from Southwest Asia, replacements, prolonged isolations, as well as hybridization and introgression processes would have contributed to the diversity of hominins in Europe.

摘要

西玛德洛斯霍约斯(西班牙北部阿塔普埃尔卡山脉)中更新世遗址在 1984 年至 2020 年期间出土了大量人类化石。其中,已确定有 314 颗下颌牙齿。在这篇专门研究牙齿的第二篇论文中,我们根据亚利桑那州立大学牙科人类学系统 (ASUDAS) 分类,描述了下颌的八个牙齿类别的特征。此外,我们还展示了这些牙齿的平均近远中径和颊舌径与尼安德特人和现代人类样本的比较结果。前牙和后牙的形态都表明,西玛德洛斯霍约斯人类与欧洲和近东中更新世后半段的人群以及所谓的欧洲经典尼安德特人密切相关。这些人群的牙齿特征组合具有特征性和诊断性,表明将西玛德洛斯霍约斯人类与其他古生物群归入尼安德特人分支。西玛德洛斯霍约斯人类的牙齿证据对于提出中更新世欧洲人类定居的复杂模型至关重要。在这个时期,可能来自西南亚的不同人类群体的迁徙、取代、长期隔离,以及杂交和基因渗入过程,都促成了欧洲人类的多样性。

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