Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India.
Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India.
Life Sci. 2022 Jan 1;288:120186. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120186. Epub 2021 Nov 28.
Ischemic damage to the brain is linked to an increased rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In certain parts of the world, it remains a leading cause of mortality and the primary cause of long-term impairment. Ischemic injury is exacerbated when particular neuropeptides are removed, or their function in the brain is blocked, whereas supplying such neuropeptides lowers ischemic harm. Here, we have discussed the role of neuropeptides in ischemic injury.
MATERIALS & METHODS: Numerous neuropeptides had their overexpression following cerebral ischemia. Neuropeptides such as NPY, CGRP, CART, SP, BK, PACAP, oxytocin, nociception, neurotensin and opioid peptides act as transmitters, documented in several "in vivo" and "in vitro" studies. Neuropeptides provide neuroprotection by activating the survival pathways or inhibiting the death pathways, i.e., MAPK, BDNF, Nitric Oxide, PI3k/Akt and NF-κB.
Neuropeptides have numerous beneficial effects in ischemic models, including antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions that provide a powerful protective impact in neurons when combined. These innovative therapeutic substances have the potential to treat ischemia injury due to their pleiotropic modes of action.
This review emphasizes the neuroprotective role of neuropeptides in ischemic injury via modulation of various signalling pathways i.e., MAPK, BDNF, Nitric Oxide, PI3k/Akt and NF-κB.
脑缺血损伤与全球范围内发病率和死亡率的增加有关。在世界某些地区，它仍然是主要的死亡原因和长期损伤的主要原因。当特定的神经肽被去除或其在大脑中的功能被阻断时，缺血性损伤会加剧，而提供这些神经肽会降低缺血性损伤。在这里，我们讨论了神经肽在缺血性损伤中的作用。
许多神经肽在脑缺血后表达增加。神经肽，如 NPY、CGRP、CART、SP、BK、PACAP、催产素、痛觉、神经降压素和阿片肽，作为递质在几项“体内”和“体外”研究中得到证实。神经肽通过激活生存途径或抑制死亡途径，即 MAPK、BDNF、一氧化氮、PI3k/Akt 和 NF-κB，提供神经保护作用。
神经肽在缺血模型中有许多有益的作用，包括抗凋亡、抗炎和抗氧化作用，当它们结合在一起时，对神经元有强大的保护作用。这些创新的治疗物质具有通过调节多种信号通路（如 MAPK、BDNF、一氧化氮、PI3k/Akt 和 NF-κB）治疗缺血性损伤的潜力。
本综述强调了神经肽通过调节多种信号通路（如 MAPK、BDNF、一氧化氮、PI3k/Akt 和 NF-κB）在缺血性损伤中的神经保护作用。
