Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Chemosphere. 2022 Mar;291(Pt 3):133089. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133089. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Nowadays, metal-based engineered nanoparticles (m-ENPs) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments for their wide applications in all walks of life. m-ENPs have been demonstrated to exert ecotoxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity towards organisms and even humans. Therefore, the removal of m-ENPs from water has recently become a hot global concerned issue. Adsorption is widely investigated for this purpose, owing to its advantages of low cost, easy operation, high removal efficiency and potential recycling use of both the adsorbents and adsorbates. As the adsorption and related technologies were hardly comprehensively overviewed for the removal of m-ENPs, herein, the present review particularly focuses on this topic. The fundamentals to the technology, including adsorption isotherm, adsorption dynamics, the adsorption process with the special emphasis on the relationship between surface area and porosity of the adsorbent and the adsorption capacity, etc., are fully discussed. As the kernel of the adsorption method, adsorbents with diversified chemical and physical properties in different types are comprehensively elaborated. The primary factors affecting the adsorption, and adsorption mechanisms are well summarized. Particularly, the regeneration of the adsorbents and the reuse of adsorbed m-ENPs are highlighted for the sustainability. Finally, challenges and prospects in this field are outlined. Overall, this review aims to provide valuable references for the development of new adsorbents with more efficient and practical applications to remove m-ENPs and direct the future study.
如今，由于金属基工程纳米粒子（m-ENPs）在生活的各个领域中的广泛应用，它们在水生环境中无处不在。m-ENPs 已被证明对生物体甚至人类具有生态毒性、细胞毒性和遗传毒性。因此，最近从水中去除 m-ENPs 已成为一个备受关注的全球性问题。由于其具有成本低、操作简单、去除效率高以及吸附剂和吸附物都具有潜在的回收利用等优点，吸附法被广泛用于去除 m-ENPs。由于对于去除 m-ENPs 的吸附和相关技术几乎没有全面的综述，因此，本文特别关注了这个主题。本文充分讨论了该技术的基本原理，包括吸附等温线、吸附动力学以及吸附过程，特别强调了吸附剂的表面积和孔隙率与吸附容量之间的关系等。作为吸附方法的核心，本文详细阐述了具有不同化学和物理性质的各种类型的吸附剂。本文还很好地总结了影响吸附的主要因素和吸附机制，特别强调了吸附剂的再生和已吸附的 m-ENPs 的再利用，以实现可持续性。最后，本文概述了该领域的挑战和展望。总的来说，本文旨在为开发具有更高效率和更实际应用的新型吸附剂提供有价值的参考，以去除 m-ENPs，并指导未来的研究。
