Optimum plastic mulching application to reduce greenhouse gas emissions without compromising on crop yield and farmers' income.

With the rapid socio-economic development in China, poverty alleviation and the reduction of the environmental footprint in the plastic film mulching (PM) planting system have become key to sustainable agricultural production. Although many studies have evaluated the maize yield, agricultural economic benefits, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with PM through small-scale field experiments, identifying suitable PM regions in combination with their demographic characteristics and the future development of such systems has received little attention. This study combines a Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model and demographic characteristics to determine the optimum PM region in rainfed areas of the Loess Plateau in northwest China. The results demonstrated that PM produced a higher maize yield, agricultural net profit (ANP), and cost-benefit ratio compared to a control treatment (CK) without PM. An agricultural income far above the poverty level would assist in meeting the goals of alleviating poverty and building a prosperous society. In addition, the PM system produced more GHG emissions, but had a lower greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) than CK under both low (200 kg N ha) and high (300 kg N ha) nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. This study developed a framework to evaluate maize yield alongside economic and environmental indicators. We concluded that PM should be adopted in areas with precipitation less than 500 mm, and concentrated in the region with rainfall of 200-400 mm. The results provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of the PM maize planting system, and will contribute to the desired goal of environmentally sustainable agricultural production.