Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States (US).
Master of Science in Biotechnology Program, the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Ri, United States (US).
Cancer Biol Ther. 2021 Dec 2;22(10-12):607-618. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1976567.
The five-year survival rate for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained a dismal 9% for approximately 40 years with an urgent need for novel therapeutic interventions. ONC201 is the founding member of the imipridone class, comprised of orally bioavailable small molecules that have shown efficacy in multiple tumor types both in animal models and in Phase I/II clinical trials. ONC201 is a potent inducer of the tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathway. TRAIL is an innate immune mechanism which induces programmed cell death of cancer cells. We observed that PDAC cells upregulated ATF4, CHOP, and DR5 after treatment with ONC201. This occurred in cell lines that are susceptible to ONC201-induced apoptosis and in ones that are not. In response to ONC201, PDAC cells downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins including c-FLIP, BclXL, XIAP, cIAP1, and survivin. We hypothesized that TRAIL receptor agonists might induce selective, synergistic apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines treated with ONC201. We screened 7 pancreatic cancer cell lines and found synergy with ONC201 and rhTRAIL or the novel TRAIL receptor agonist TLY012 in 6 of the 7 cell lines tested. experiments using BxPC3 and HPAFII xenograft models showed that the combination of ONC201 plus TLY012 significantly delays tumor growth as compared to controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumors after three doses of the combination showed significantly increased cleavage of caspase 3 as compared to controls. Taken together, the preclinical efficacy of ONC201 and TLY012 represents a novel therapeutic option for further testing in pancreatic cancer patients. This combination showed marked efficacy in tumor cells that are both sensitive and resistant to the pro-apoptotic effects of ONC201, providing rationale to further investigate the combination of ONC201 plus TLY012 in patients with pancreatic cancer.
胰腺导管腺癌 (PDAC) 的五年生存率在大约 40 年内一直保持在 9%的惨淡水平,迫切需要新的治疗干预措施。ONC201 是 imipridone 类的创始成员,由口服生物可利用的小分子组成,这些小分子在动物模型和 I/II 期临床试验中已显示出对多种肿瘤类型的疗效。ONC201 是肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体 (TRAIL) 途径的有效诱导剂。TRAIL 是一种先天免疫机制,可诱导癌细胞的程序性细胞死亡。我们观察到,PDAC 细胞在用 ONC201 处理后上调了 ATF4、CHOP 和 DR5。这种情况发生在对 ONC201 诱导凋亡敏感的细胞系和不敏感的细胞系中。PDAC 细胞对 ONC201 的反应下调了包括 c-FLIP、BclXL、XIAP、cIAP1 和 survivin 在内的抗凋亡蛋白。我们假设 TRAIL 受体激动剂可能会诱导在用 ONC201 处理的胰腺癌细胞系中产生选择性的协同凋亡。我们筛选了 7 种胰腺癌细胞系,发现 7 种细胞系中有 6 种与 ONC201 和 rhTRAIL 或新型 TRAIL 受体激动剂 TLY012 具有协同作用。使用 BxPC3 和 HPAFII 异种移植模型进行的实验表明,与对照组相比,ONC201 加 TLY012 的组合显著延迟了肿瘤生长。与对照组相比,联合用药 3 剂后肿瘤的免疫组织化学分析显示 caspase 3 的裂解明显增加。综上所述,ONC201 和 TLY012 的临床前疗效为进一步在胰腺癌患者中进行测试提供了一种新的治疗选择。该组合在对 ONC201 的促凋亡作用敏感和耐药的肿瘤细胞中均表现出显著疗效,为进一步研究 ONC201 加 TLY012 联合治疗胰腺癌患者提供了依据。
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