Mendonça Maitê Vidal, Nakasone Denis Hideki, Martinez Cristian Hernando Garcia, Gemelli Jéssica Luana, Pereira Angélica Simone Cravo, Pugine Silvana Marina Piccoli, de Melo Mariza Pires, de Andrade André Furugen Cesar, Araújo Lúcio Francelino, Augusto Karolina Von Zuben, Yanming Han, Martins Simone Maria Massami Kitamura
Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil.
Department of Basic Sciences, FZEA, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil.
Transl Anim Sci. 2021 Nov 15;5(4):txab202. doi: 10.1093/tas/txab202. eCollection 2021 Oct.
This study investigated copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) hydroxychloride cosupplementation on the growth performance, diarrhea frequency, carcass, meat quality, and antioxidant activity in grower-finisher pigs. A total of 256 pigs were used from 70 to 154 days (d) of age, distributed in four treatments, with eight pigs in each pen and eight replications per treatment. Diets were provided to grower pigs from 70 to 112 days old and in the finisher, 112 to 154 days old. Copper was considered the low level at 100 mg Cu/kg and 90 mg Cu/kg, respectively, and 150 mg Cu/kg in both periods as high in the grower and finisher periods. In the grower and finisher period, zinc was cosupplemented in the diet at 80 mg Zn/kg and 70 mg Zn/kg, respectively. In the diets, T1 and T2 groups are the traditional inorganic sources for minerals (copper sulfate, CuSO; zinc oxide, ZnO) and T3 and T4 hydroxychloride sources (copper hydroxychloride, CHC, and zinc hydroxychloride, ZHC). The flavomycin was associated with treatments with low Cu content in the inclusion of 50 g/ton. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, the data were submitted to analysis of PROC MIXED in SAS, the PDIFF test analyzed the treatment effect. At the finisher period, pigs fed both minerals from hydroxychloride source had a higher BW 154 d, average daily gain (ADG) 70 to 154 d, the hot and cold carcass weight and frequency of normal feces than those fed 150 mg Cu/kg and Zn from a traditional inorganic source ( < 0.05). The animals fed low Cu levels of the sulfate source had a higher ADG 70 to 154 d than those fed high Cu levels of the same source ( < 0.05). Pigs fed 150 mg Cu/kg cosupplemented with Zn from a hydroxychloride source had the highest carcass length ( < 0.05). There was no difference among the treatments for meat quality ( > 0.05). Pigs fed 150 mg Cu/kg and Zn from a traditional inorganic source had a higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than the other treatments ( < 0.05). Animals fed low Cu levels from hydroxychloride had a higher malondialdehyde (MDA) formation than those fed sulfate source, regardless of the Cu levels and those fed high Cu levels of hydroxychloride ( < 0.05). In conclusion, 150 mg Cu/kg as copper sulfate cosupplemented to zinc oxide in the diet of growing and finishing pigs impairs the growth performance, carcass and increases diarrhea frequency, and copper and zinc hydroxychloride cosupplementation improves these characteristics.
本研究调查了在生长育肥猪中，补充碱式氯化铜和碱式氯化锌对其生长性能、腹泻频率、胴体、肉质和抗氧化活性的影响。总共使用了256头70至154日龄的猪，分为四种处理方式，每栏8头猪，每种处理重复8次。分别给70至112日龄的生长猪和112至154日龄的育肥猪提供日粮。在生长猪和育肥猪阶段，铜的低水平分别为100毫克铜/千克和90毫克铜/千克，两个阶段的高水平均为150毫克铜/千克。在生长猪和育肥猪阶段，日粮中分别补充80毫克锌/千克和70毫克锌/千克的锌。在日粮中，T1和T2组是传统的无机矿物质来源（硫酸铜、CuSO；氧化锌、ZnO），T3和T4组是碱式氯化物来源（碱式氯化铜、CHC和碱式氯化锌、ZHC）。黄霉素与低铜含量的处理方式相关，添加量为50克/吨。实验设计为随机区组，数据提交至SAS中的PROC MIXED进行分析，PDIFF检验分析处理效果。在育肥阶段，饲喂碱式氯化物来源的两种矿物质的猪在154日龄时体重更高，70至154日龄的平均日增重（ADG）更高，热胴体和冷胴体重以及正常粪便频率均高于饲喂150毫克铜/千克和传统无机来源锌的猪（P<0.05）。饲喂低铜水平硫酸盐来源的猪在70至154日龄的ADG高于饲喂相同来源高铜水平的猪（P<0.05）。饲喂150毫克铜/千克并补充碱式氯化物来源锌的猪胴体长度最长（P<0.05）。各处理之间的肉质无差异（P>0.05）。饲喂150毫克铜/千克和传统无机来源锌的猪超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性高于其他处理（P<0.05）。无论铜水平如何，饲喂碱式氯化物低铜水平的猪丙二醛（MDA）生成量高于饲喂硫酸盐来源的猪，且饲喂碱式氯化物高铜水平的猪也是如此（P<0.05）。总之，在生长育肥猪日粮中，将150毫克铜/千克作为硫酸铜补充到氧化锌中会损害生长性能、胴体并增加腹泻频率，而补充碱式氯化铜和碱式氯化锌可改善这些特性。
