School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
The Institute of Hydrogeologic Engineering Geological of Wuhan Hubei Province Geological Survey, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Apr;29(18):26922-26935. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17880-x. Epub 2021 Dec 3.
Herein, we conducted a study of the Zhangsanxi karst groundwater system in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China, and used the results to develop a method for identifying the aquifer medium and its structural characteristics. To begin, rainfall, underground river flow dynamics, and groundwater level dynamics in the Zhangsanxi karst groundwater system were subjected to high-resolution monitoring to elucidate the groundwater system's rainfall-hydrological response characteristics under varying rainfall amounts and intensities. Next, an exponential attenuation curve was employed to analyze how the law of attenuation applies to underground river discharge and groundwater level during a typical rainfall event. Finally, we determined the degree of karst development at different depths, so the data can serve as a reference for local decision makers regarding karst water disaster prevention and water resource utilization. The results show that the flow response lag time in the karst groundwater system depicts good correlation with the rainfall amount but is also affected by the rainfall intensity. Thus, under conditions of identical rainfall, increasing rainfall intensity corresponds to a progressively shorter underground river flow lag time. The area's rainfall can be divided into four types, based on its concentration and intensity characteristics. The underground river flow generally has no evident response to type I rainfall, while the flow response lag time to types II III and IV rainfall is approximately 110, 60, and 40 h, respectively. Furthermore, the Zhangsanxi karst system's water-bearing medium is dominated by karst fissures and pores, which account for about 2/3 of its open space. Large karst conduits and caves account for the remaining 1/3. The degree of karst development in this system depicts evident depth variation but, overall, tends to increase as a function of burial depth.Responsible editor: Xianliang Yi.
在此，我们对中国湖南省张家界的张三溪岩溶地下水系统进行了研究，并利用研究结果开发了一种识别含水层介质及其结构特征的方法。首先，对张三溪岩溶地下水系统的降雨、地下河流量动态和地下水位动态进行了高分辨率监测，以阐明在不同降雨量和强度下地下水系统的降雨-水文响应特征。接下来，采用指数衰减曲线分析了在典型降雨事件中地下河流量和地下水位衰减规律的应用。最后，确定了不同深度的岩溶发育程度，为当地决策者在岩溶水灾害防治和水资源利用方面提供参考。结果表明，岩溶地下水系统的流量响应滞后时间与降雨量呈良好的相关性，但也受到降雨量强度的影响。因此，在相同降雨量条件下，增加降雨量强度对应于地下河流量滞后时间的逐渐缩短。根据该地区的集中和强度特征，可将降雨分为四类。地下河流量一般对 I 型降雨没有明显响应，而对 II 型、III 型和 IV 型降雨的流量响应滞后时间约为 110、60 和 40 h。此外，张三溪岩溶系统的含水介质主要为岩溶裂隙和孔隙，占其开放空间的约 2/3。大的岩溶管道和洞穴占剩余的 1/3。该系统的岩溶发育程度呈现出明显的深度变化，但总体上随着埋藏深度的增加而增加。责任编辑：易贤良。
