Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India; Department of Geography, Ramsaday College, Amta, Howrah 711401, West Bengal, India.
Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
Soc Sci Med. 2022 Jan;292:114604. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114604. Epub 2021 Nov 27.
Breastfeeding is an essential key factor for reducing child mortality and the risk of disease. Therefore, to ensure health and wellbeing for all (Sustainable Development Goal 03), and to reduce inequalities in child health status (SDG 10), understanding the determinants of breastfeeding is essential. Our research aims to investigate determinants of different breastfeeding practices from 2005-06 (NFHS-3) to 2015-16 (NFHS-4), and changes in different breastfeeding practices among various demographic, social, religious, and economic groups during this decade. We have used a multivariate binary logistic regression model to estimate significant determinants of different breastfeeding practices. The results show an 8.4% hike in Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF), along with a 3.3% and 1% drop in the Continuation of Breastfeeding (CBF) up to one and two years respectively during this decade in India. Significant variation has been found in EBF, CBF1 and CBF2 among various categories of child's birth interval, place of residence, social groups, economic communities, and geographic regions. Maternal nutritional status and anemia levels had significant influence on CBF1 and CBF2, and gender of the children on EBF and CBF2 from 2005-06 to 2015-16. There was no significant variation in CBF1 and CBF2 among children born in different birth orders, whereas EBF was significantly less among higher birth orders children. A dramatic improvement in EBF was found among first birth ordered children, teenage and/or highly educated mother, rich families, and in north India, and CBF2 was significantly raised only among higher educated mothers. The estimation of determinants throughout the decade is essential for improving government policies related to supporting and encouraging breastfeeding. The study suggests more initiatives and investment for the promotion, support and improvement of CBF for one and two years, and reduction of inequality among various demographic and socio-economic groups and geographic regions.
母乳喂养是降低儿童死亡率和疾病风险的关键因素。因此，为了确保所有人的健康和福祉（可持续发展目标 03），并减少儿童健康状况的不平等（可持续发展目标 10），了解母乳喂养的决定因素至关重要。我们的研究旨在调查从 2005-06 年（NFHS-3）到 2015-16 年（NFHS-4）期间不同母乳喂养实践的决定因素，以及在这十年中，不同人口、社会、宗教和经济群体中不同母乳喂养实践的变化。我们使用了多元二项逻辑回归模型来估计不同母乳喂养实践的显著决定因素。结果显示，在这十年中，印度的纯母乳喂养率（EBF）上升了 8.4%，持续母乳喂养率（CBF）在 1 年和 2 年分别下降了 3.3%和 1%。在不同的儿童出生间隔、居住地、社会群体、经济社区和地理区域类别中，EBF、CBF1 和 CBF2 存在显著差异。母亲的营养状况和贫血水平对 CBF1 和 CBF2 有显著影响，儿童的性别对 EBF 和 CBF2 也有影响，这是从 2005-06 年到 2015-16 年的情况。在不同出生顺序的儿童中，CBF1 和 CBF2 没有显著差异，而在较高出生顺序的儿童中，EBF 显著减少。在第一胎出生的儿童、青少年和/或受过高等教育的母亲、富裕家庭以及印度北部，EBF 有了显著的改善，而只有受过高等教育的母亲，CBF2 才有显著提高。在整个十年中对决定因素的估计对于改善与支持和鼓励母乳喂养相关的政府政策至关重要。该研究建议采取更多举措和投资，促进、支持和改善 1 年和 2 年的母乳喂养，并减少不同人口和社会经济群体以及地理区域之间的不平等。
