Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola, 165/a, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Agri-food microbiology and Food technologies, University of Salento, Centro Ecotekne, S.P. 6 Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
Food Res Int. 2021 Dec;150(Pt A):110737. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110737. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
Zeolites are crystalline hydrated aluminosilicates, of natural or synthetic origin, characterized by a microporous structure and high adsorption properties. They are employed as soil amendments and fertilizer carriers in agriculture, as catalysts, detergents, adsorbents and molecular sieves in many chemical processes, as well as in water and soil decontamination, and in food processing. They have been also tested in the oenological field for several potential applications; yet an overview on such topic is not still available. The present review summarizes the recent and innovative applications of zeolites in winemaking and supplies a critical discussion about their potential to prevent protein haze, tartrate instability or the appearance of certain defects, like light-struck off-flavour and earthy off-flavours. Further applications of these minerals in the management of winery wastes and in the analytical field are also reviewed. The outcomes of this work evidenced the need of further research on the use of zeolites in oenology for better exploiting their peculiar sorption and exchange properties, selecting the most efficient natural types and improving the performances of the synthetic ones, without disregarding the potential secondary effects of these treatments on wine quality.
沸石是天然或合成的结晶水合铝硅酸盐，具有微孔结构和高吸附性能。它们被用作农业中的土壤改良剂和肥料载体，在许多化学过程中用作催化剂、洗涤剂、吸附剂和分子筛，以及用于水和土壤的净化和食品加工。它们也在酿酒领域进行了多次潜在应用的测试；然而，关于这个主题的概述还没有。本综述总结了沸石在酿酒中的最新和创新应用，并对其在防止蛋白质浑浊、酒石酸盐不稳定或某些缺陷（如光臭和泥土味）出现方面的潜力进行了批判性讨论。还综述了这些矿物质在酿酒厂废物管理和分析领域的其他应用。这项工作的结果表明，需要进一步研究沸石在酿酒中的应用，以更好地利用其特殊的吸附和交换特性，选择最有效的天然类型，并提高合成沸石的性能，同时不忽视这些处理对葡萄酒质量的潜在二次影响。
