Rouet Simon, Barillot Romain, Leclercq Denis, Bernicot Marie-Hélène, Combes Didier, Escobar-Gutiérrez Abraham, Durand Jean-Louis
INRAE, URP3F, Lusignan, France.
Groupe d'Etude et de Contrôle des Variétés Et des Semences (GEVES), Lusignan, France.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Nov 16;12:672156. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672156. eCollection 2021.
In perennial grasses, the reproductive development consists of major phenological stages which highly determine the seasonal variations of grassland biomass production in terms of quantity and quality. The reproductive development is regulated by climatic conditions through complex interactions subjected to high genetic diversity. Understanding these interactions and their impact on plant development and growth is essential to optimize grassland management and identify the potential consequences of climate change. Here, we review the main stages of reproductive development, from floral induction to heading, i.e., spike emergence, considering the effect of the environmental conditions and the genetic diversity observed in perennial grasses. We first describe the determinants and consequences of reproductive development at individual tiller scale before examining the interactions between plant tillers and their impact on grassland perenniality. Then, we review the available grassland models through their ability to account for the complexity of reproductive development and genetic × environmental interactions. This review shows that (1) The reproductive development of perennial grasses is characterized by a large intraspecific diversity which has the same order of magnitude as the diversity observed between species or environmental conditions. (2) The reproductive development is determined by complex interactions between the processes of floral induction and morphogenesis of the tiller. (3) The perenniality of a plant is dependent on the reproductive behavior of each tiller. (4) Published models only partly explain the complex interactions between morphogenesis and climate on reproductive development. (5) Introducing more explicitly the underlying processes involved in reproductive development in models would improve our ability to anticipate grassland behavior in future growth conditions.
在多年生禾本科植物中，生殖发育由主要物候阶段组成，这些阶段在数量和质量方面高度决定了草地生物量生产的季节变化。生殖发育受气候条件调控，通过复杂的相互作用呈现出高度的遗传多样性。了解这些相互作用及其对植物发育和生长的影响对于优化草地管理以及确定气候变化的潜在后果至关重要。在此，我们回顾了从花芽诱导到抽穗（即穗出现）这一生殖发育的主要阶段，同时考虑了环境条件的影响以及多年生禾本科植物中观察到的遗传多样性。我们首先描述了单个分蘖尺度上生殖发育的决定因素和后果，然后考察了植物分蘖之间的相互作用及其对草地多年生性的影响。接着，我们通过现有草地模型解释生殖发育复杂性以及遗传×环境相互作用的能力对其进行了综述。这篇综述表明：（1）多年生禾本科植物的生殖发育具有较大的种内多样性，其数量级与物种间或环境条件间观察到的多样性相同。（2）生殖发育由花芽诱导过程和分蘖形态发生之间的复杂相互作用决定。（3）植物的多年生性取决于每个分蘖的生殖行为。（4）已发表的模型仅部分解释了形态发生与气候对生殖发育的复杂相互作用。（5）在模型中更明确地引入生殖发育所涉及的潜在过程将提高我们预测未来生长条件下草地行为的能力。
