Govintharaj Ponnaiah, Maheswaran Marappa, Blümmel Michael, Sumathi Pichaikannu, Vemula Anil Kumar, Rathore Abhishek, Sivasubramani Selvanayagam, Kale Sandip Mallikarjun, Varshney Rajeev Kumar, Gupta Shashi Kumar
Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Nov 18;12:687859. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.687859. eCollection 2021.
Pearl millet is an important food and fodder crop cultivated in the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia, and is now expanding to other regions for forage purpose. This study was conducted to better understand the forage quantity and quality traits to enhance the feed value of this crop. Two sets of pearl millet hybrids (80 single cross hybrids in Set-I and 50 top cross hybrids in Set-II) along with their parents evaluated multi-locationally for the forage-linked traits under multi-cut (two cuts) system revealed significant variability for the forage traits in the hybrids and parents. The mean better parent heterosis (BPH) for total dry forage yield (TDFY) was 136% across all the single cross hybrids and 57% across all the top cross hybrids. The mean BPH for organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) varied from -11 to 7% in the single cross hybrids and -13 to 11% in the top cross hybrids across cuts. The findings of TDFY and IVOMD heterosis in these sets indicated the potential of improvement of the hybrid cultivars for forage quantity and quality in forage pearl millet. The parental lines single cross parent (SCP)-L02, SCP-L06, and top cross parent (TCP)-T08 found superior in the forage quantity and quality traits can be utilized in the future breeding programs. Most of the forage traits were found to be controlled by using the non-additive gene action. A diverse panel of 105 forage-type hybrid parents (Set-III) genotyped following genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and phenotyped for crude protein (CP) and IVOMD under multi-cuts for 2 years identified one stable significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on LG4 for CP, and nine SNPs for IVOMD distributed across all the linkage groups except on LG2. The identified loci, once validated, then could be used for the forage quality traits improvement in pearl millet through marker-assisted selection.
珍珠粟是一种重要的粮食和饲料作物，在非洲和亚洲的干旱和半干旱地区种植，目前正为用作饲料而扩展到其他地区。进行这项研究是为了更好地了解牧草数量和质量性状，以提高这种作物的饲料价值。两组珍珠粟杂交种（第一组80个单交杂种和第二组50个顶交杂种）及其亲本在多刈割（两次刈割）系统下对与牧草相关的性状进行了多地点评估，结果表明杂种和亲本的牧草性状存在显著变异。所有单交杂种的总干牧草产量（TDFY）的平均较好亲本杂种优势（BPH）为136%，所有顶交杂种的平均BPH为57%。单交杂种中有机物质消化率（IVOMD）的平均BPH在不同刈割期从-11%至7%不等，顶交杂种中则从-13%至11%不等。这些组中TDFY和IVOMD杂种优势的研究结果表明，在饲料用珍珠粟中改良杂交品种的牧草数量和质量具有潜力。在牧草数量和质量性状方面表现优异的亲本系单交亲本（SCP）-L02、SCP-L06和顶交亲本（TCP）-T08可用于未来的育种计划。发现大多数牧草性状受非加性基因作用控制。通过测序基因分型（GBS）对105个饲料型杂交亲本（第三组）进行基因分型，并在两年的多刈割条件下对粗蛋白（CP）和IVOMD进行表型分析，结果在LG4上鉴定出一个与CP相关的稳定显著单核苷酸多态性（SNP），以及9个与IVOMD相关的SNP，分布在除LG2外的所有连锁群上。一旦验证，所鉴定的位点可通过标记辅助选择用于珍珠粟牧草质量性状的改良。
