Joshi Amit, Basukala Bibek, Singh Nagmani, Bista Rohit, Pradhan Ishor
AKB Center for Arthroscopy, Sports Injuries and Regenerative Medicine, B&B Hospital, Gwarko, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Arthrosc Tech. 2021 Oct 16;10(11):e2515-e2522. doi: 10.1016/j.eats.2021.07.036. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Even after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, its remnant retains the vascularized synovial sheets, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and various mechanoreceptors within it. The aim of preserving the remnant is to retain these components during ACL reconstruction. In the recent past, there has been an increasing trend towards preserving remnants during ACL reconstruction. Although preserving remnants have physiological advantages, cyclops lesion and extension loss were among the most feared complications. Cyclops and loss of extension are due to the fallback of the remnant into the notch. Moreover, the mechanoreceptors present in the remnant are not active when the remnant is lax. These mechanoreceptors are active when the remnant is in tension. Thus, rather than merely preserving the remnant, it is essential to tension it for more physiological functions. Although there are various techniques of remnant tensioning described in the literature, these techniques require tampering of the fixation devices or an extra fixation device adding to the cost of surgery. We describe our modification of the remnant-tensioning method during anatomic ACL reconstruction. In this technique, the sutures holding the remnant are pulled out through the anatomic femoral tunnel and fixed with an interference screw along with the hamstring graft. This technique is cost-effective, reproducible, and does not require tampering with the fixation devices. Moreover, the direction of remnant pull will be the same as that of the reconstructed graft making both the graft and remnant anatomical in orientation. Suture management and visibility of the intraarticular structures during this procedure are a few downsides of this technique. The only prerequisite of this technique is a good quality remnant to hold the sutures.
即使在前交叉韧带(ACL)撕裂后,其残端仍保留有血管化的滑膜片、成纤维细胞、肌成纤维细胞以及其中的各种机械感受器。保留残端的目的是在ACL重建过程中保留这些成分。近年来,在ACL重建过程中保留残端的趋势日益增加。尽管保留残端具有生理优势,但独眼巨人病变和伸直丧失是最令人担忧的并发症。独眼巨人和伸直丧失是由于残端回落到髁间凹所致。此外,当残端松弛时,残端中存在的机械感受器不活跃。当残端处于张力状态时,这些机械感受器是活跃的。因此,与其仅仅保留残端,对其施加张力以实现更多生理功能至关重要。尽管文献中描述了各种残端张紧技术,但这些技术需要对固定装置进行干预或增加额外的固定装置,从而增加了手术成本。我们描述了在解剖学ACL重建过程中对残端张紧方法的改进。在这项技术中,固定残端的缝线通过解剖学股骨隧道拉出,并与绳肌移植物一起用挤压螺钉固定。这项技术具有成本效益、可重复性强,且不需要对固定装置进行干预。此外,残端牵拉的方向将与重建移植物的方向相同,使移植物和残端在方向上都符合解剖学要求。在这个过程中,缝线管理和关节内结构的可视性是这项技术的一些缺点。这项技术的唯一前提是要有一个质量好的残端来固定缝线。