Webber M D, Pietz R I, Granato T C, Svoboda M L
Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, Stickney R & D Laboratory, 6001 W. Pershing Rd., Cicero, IL, 60650.
Wastewater Technology Centre, operated by RockCliffe Research Management, Inc., P.O. Box 5068, Burlington, ON, L7R 4L7.
J Environ Qual. 1994 Sep;23(5):1019-1026. doi: 10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300050024x.
A field study of industrial organic contaminant uptake, in particular PCB uptake, by growing crops was conducted during 1990 at the St. David Coal Refuse Pile Reclamation Site, Fulton County, Illinois. The site had received one-time applications in 1987 of 785, 1570 and 3360 Mg ha dry wt. of Chicago municipal sewage sludge. Corn (Zea mays L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata L.), and carrot (Daucus carota L.) were grown on the sludge treatments and soil (i.e., sludge treated coal refuse) and plant samples were analyzed. Mean PCB concentratious in the soils were ≤4 mg kg dry wt. and there was no consistent effect on them of sludge application rate. Measurements on the 3360 Mg ha dry wt. of sludge treatment soil indicated that several organochlorine pesticides occurred at concentrations ≤217 μg kg dry wt. and several polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons occurred at <1 to 3 mg kg dry wt. Mean PCB concentrations in the plant materials were <300 μg kg dry wt., however, there were differences among and within crops. Concentrations decreased in the order: carrot peels > carrot tops > cabbage wrapper and inner leaves > carrot core > corn ear leaf and stover > corn grain. There was insignificant PCB in corn grain. Except for cabbage wrapper leaves, the PCB concentrations in plant materials were not related to those in soil. Soil PCB concentrations accounted for 24% of the variance in cabbage wrapper leaf PCB concentrations and the bioconcentration factor (mg PCB kg dry wt. of leaf/kg PCB ha dry wt. of soil) was 0.0042. There was no detection of organochlorine pesticides in plant materials grown on the 3360 Mg ha dry wt. of sludge treatment soil and, except for indole and isophorone, only trace amounts of a very few other organic contaminants were observed in the plant materials. Indole ranging from no detection to 52 mg kg dry wt. may have been a natural constituent of cabbage. Isophorone ranging from 14 to 79 mg kg dry wt. was observed in three samples of cabbage wrapper leaves and its source is unknown. Despite the very large rates of Chicago sludge employed in this study, findings indicated that they did not (i) result in high levels of organic contamination in the treated coal refuse, and (ii) represent a significant organic contaminant hazard to the quality for food and feedstuffs of crops grown on the treated coal refuse.
1990年，在伊利诺伊州富尔顿县的圣大卫煤矸石堆填区复垦地，开展了一项关于生长作物对工业有机污染物，特别是多氯联苯（PCB）吸收情况的实地研究。该场地在1987年一次性施用了干重分别为785、1570和3360 Mg/公顷的芝加哥城市污水污泥。在施用污泥处理的土壤（即污泥处理过的煤矸石）上种植了玉米（Zea mays L.）、卷心菜（Brassica oleracea capitata L.）和胡萝卜（Daucus carota L.），并对土壤和植物样本进行了分析。土壤中多氯联苯的平均浓度≤4 mg/kg干重，污泥施用量对其没有一致的影响。对施用3360 Mg/公顷干重污泥处理土壤的测量表明，几种有机氯农药的浓度≤217 μg/kg干重，几种多环芳烃的浓度<1至3 mg/kg干重。植物材料中的多氯联苯平均浓度<300 μg/kg干重，然而，不同作物之间以及同一作物内部存在差异。浓度顺序为：胡萝卜皮>胡萝卜叶>卷心菜外层和内层叶>胡萝卜芯>玉米穗叶和茎>玉米粒。玉米粒中的多氯联苯含量微不足道。除了卷心菜外层叶外，植物材料中的多氯联苯浓度与土壤中的多氯联苯浓度无关。土壤中多氯联苯浓度占卷心菜外层叶多氯联苯浓度变化的24%，生物浓缩系数（叶中多氯联苯mg/kg干重/土壤中多氯联苯mg/kg干重）为0.0042。在施用3360 Mg/公顷干重污泥处理土壤上生长的植物材料中未检测到有机氯农药，除了吲哚和异佛尔酮外，在植物材料中仅观察到极少量其他有机污染物的痕量。吲哚含量在未检测到至52 mg/kg干重之间，可能是卷心菜的天然成分。在三个卷心菜外层叶样本中观察到异佛尔酮含量在14至79 mg/kg干重之间，其来源不明。尽管本研究中使用了大量的芝加哥污泥，但研究结果表明，它们并未（i）导致处理后的煤矸石中有机污染水平升高，以及（ii）对在处理后的煤矸石上种植的作物的食品和饲料质量构成重大有机污染物危害。
