Schairer J O, Bennett M V
Brain Res. 1986 May 14;373(1-2):164-76. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90327-6.
Adaptive changes in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of goldfish were produced in a few hours by sinusoidally rotating restrained fish in the horizontal plane inside a vertically striped drum. The drum could also be sinusoidally rotated so that the gain of the VOR (the ratio of eye to head angular velocity) would have to increase to two or decrease to zero in order to maintain a stable retinal image. During 'training' towards two VOR gain measured at the stimulation frequency of 0.125 Hz increased rapidly over 6 h of stimulation to about 1.5 from an initial gain of 0.7. Half of that change occurred in the first 30 min. During training towards zero VOR gain measured at the stimulation frequency decreased to 0.15. About one-third of that change occurred in the first 30 min. Testing at different sinusoidal frequencies after 6 h stimulation showed that increases in VOR gain were generated across a 6-octave range; however, reductions in gain were produced over a narrow frequency range close to the training frequency. Gain reductions occurred more rapidly on a second day of stimulation. In a paradigm simulating reversing prisms, partial reversal of the VOR was observed in some fish. However, these fish also demonstrated spontaneous slow sinusoidal eye movements that may have represented a different means of adjusting eye movements to stabilize the retinal image. Goldfish provide a useful preparation for the study of adaptive gain changes in vertebrate oculomotor systems.
通过在垂直条纹鼓内水平面上正弦旋转受约束的金鱼，在数小时内就可使金鱼的前庭眼反射（VOR）产生适应性变化。该鼓也能进行正弦旋转，这样VOR的增益（眼与头部角速度之比）就必须增加到两倍或降低到零，以维持稳定的视网膜图像。在朝着VOR增益为2的“训练”过程中，在0.125 Hz刺激频率下测得的VOR增益在6小时的刺激过程中从初始增益0.7迅速增加到约1.5。其中一半的变化发生在前30分钟内。在朝着VOR增益为零的训练过程中，在刺激频率下测得的增益降至0.15。其中约三分之一的变化发生在前30分钟内。在6小时刺激后以不同正弦频率进行测试表明，VOR增益的增加在6个倍频程范围内产生；然而，增益的降低是在接近训练频率的窄频率范围内产生的。在刺激的第二天，增益降低发生得更快。在模拟反转棱镜的范式中，在一些金鱼中观察到了VOR的部分反转。然而，这些金鱼也表现出自发的缓慢正弦眼动，这可能代表了一种调整眼动以稳定视网膜图像的不同方式。金鱼为研究脊椎动物动眼系统中的适应性增益变化提供了一个有用的实验对象。
