Hoyo-Alvarez Esther, Arechavala-Lopez Pablo, Jiménez-García Manuel, Solomando Antònia, Alomar Carmen, Sureda Antoni, Moranta David, Deudero Salud
University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain..
Fish Ethology and Welfare Group, Centro de Ciencias do Mar (CCMAR), Faro, Portugal.; Fish Ecology Group, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA-CSIC/UIB), Mallorca, Spain.
Aquat Toxicol. 2022 Jan;242:106048. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106048. Epub 2021 Nov 30.
Nowadays, microplastics (MPs) and adsorbed pollutants are considered a global thread to marine ecosystems. This study describes the effects of pollutants and MPs ingestion on fish brains through the assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers and monoaminergic neurotransmitters using gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) as fish model. Juveniles were experimentally exposed to three different dietary treatments for 90 days: Control treatment (C) consisted of standard feed; Virgin treatment (V) contained feed enriched with 10% of MPs; and Exposed treatment (E) consisted of feed with 10% of MPs that were exposed to seawater in an anthropogenically impacted area for 2 months in order to enrich the plastic with the pollutants within the water column. Sampling was made at the start of the experiment (T0), at the end of the dietary treatments (T90) and after a posterior detoxification period of 30 days (T120). Results evidenced that a MPs and pollutants enriched diet increases the activity of some of the oxidative stress biomarkers (e.g. CAT and GST), and it was shown for the first time alterations on dopaminergic and serotonergic system activity on seabream brains, indicating potential neurofunctional effects associated to MPs and pollutants ingestion. In addition, results showed a tendency to recover enzymatic and brain monoaminergic neurotransmitter levels after a 30-day detoxification period. In conclusion, MPs and pollutants exposure for 90 days induced oxidative stress and changes on monoaminergic activity in the brain of S. aurata.
如今，微塑料（MPs）及其吸附的污染物被认为是对海洋生态系统的全球性威胁。本研究以金头鲷（Sparus aurata）为鱼类模型，通过评估氧化应激生物标志物和单胺能神经递质，描述了污染物和微塑料摄入对鱼类大脑的影响。将幼鱼通过实验暴露于三种不同的饮食处理90天：对照处理（C）由标准饲料组成；原始处理（V）包含富含10%微塑料的饲料；暴露处理（E）由含有10%微塑料的饲料组成，这些微塑料在人为影响区域的海水中暴露2个月，以便使塑料富集水柱中的污染物。在实验开始时（T0）、饮食处理结束时（T90）以及随后30天的解毒期结束后（T120）进行采样。结果表明，富含微塑料和污染物的饮食会增加一些氧化应激生物标志物（如CAT和GST）的活性，并且首次显示了金头鲷大脑中多巴胺能和5-羟色胺能系统活性的改变，表明与微塑料和污染物摄入相关的潜在神经功能影响。此外，结果显示在30天的解毒期后，酶和大脑单胺能神经递质水平有恢复的趋势。总之，暴露于微塑料和污染物90天会诱导金头鲷大脑中的氧化应激和单胺能活性变化。
