Naumann Tanja, Bento Célia P M, Wittmann Andreas, Gandrass Juergen, Tang Jianhui, Zhen Xiaomei, Liu Lin, Ebinghaus Ralf
Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
Water Res. 2022 Feb 1;209:117912. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117912. Epub 2021 Nov 30.
Systemic insecticides like neonicotinoids and the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil are the most widely applied insecticides around the world. Multiple studies analyzed insecticide residues in freshwater systems, but data on seawater contamination levels are scarce. This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risk assessment of fipronil, neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor and selected transformation products (TPs) in the Chinese Bohai Sea and its surrounding rivers. Well-established neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) and TPs of fipronil and imidacloprid were frequently detected (detection frequency (DF): 42-100%) in freshwater. The median total insecticide concentration in freshwater was significantly higher in summer (72.4 ng•L) than in fall (23.4 ng•L), with major contributions from neonicotinoids, suggesting that pollution originates mostly from diffuse sources. In 2018, acetamiprid, desnitro-imidacloprid, fipronil-desulfinyl and thiacloprid were abundant in seawater (DF: 47-100%), indicating a high stability of acetamiprid and thiacloprid and a rapid photodegradation of fipronil and imidacloprid in surface waters. These results indicate that the continued use of these parent compounds may lead to their accumulation and/or of their TPs in shallow coastal seas. Consequently, this may lead to their transport to open seas, increasing their potential risk to marine organisms. Similarities between contaminant fingerprints in freshwater and seawater strongly suggest riverine discharges as main pollution source of adjacent coastal areas. This is the first study to perform an ecological risk assessment of fipronil, neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor and selected TPs on marine ecosystems. Fipronil and its TPs demonstrated to be environmentally relevant with potential high risks for aquatic species. Our study provides novel insights into the fate and ecological risk of fipronil, neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor and their TPs to marine species in shallow coastal seas.
像新烟碱类杀虫剂和苯基吡唑类杀虫剂氟虫腈这样的系统性杀虫剂是全球应用最广泛的杀虫剂。多项研究分析了淡水系统中的杀虫剂残留，但关于海水污染水平的数据却很稀少。本研究调查了中国渤海及其周边河流中氟虫腈、新烟碱类杀虫剂、氟啶虫胺腈及其选定转化产物（TPs）的时空分布和生态风险评估。在淡水中经常检测到成熟的新烟碱类杀虫剂（啶虫脒、噻虫胺、吡虫啉、噻虫啉和噻虫嗪）以及氟虫腈和吡虫啉的转化产物（检测频率（DF）：42 - 100%）。夏季淡水中杀虫剂总浓度中位数（72.4 ng•L）显著高于秋季（23.4 ng•L），主要贡献来自新烟碱类杀虫剂，这表明污染大多源自面源。2018年，啶虫脒、去硝基吡虫啉、氟虫腈 - 亚砜和噻虫啉在海水中含量丰富（DF：47 - 100%），这表明啶虫脒和噻虫啉具有较高的稳定性，而氟虫腈和吡虫啉在表层水体中光降解迅速。这些结果表明，持续使用这些母体化合物可能导致它们及其转化产物在浅海沿岸海域积累。因此，这可能导致它们向公海输送，增加对海洋生物的潜在风险。淡水和海水中污染物指纹图谱的相似性强烈表明河流排放是相邻沿海地区的主要污染源。这是第一项对氟虫腈、新烟碱类杀虫剂、氟啶虫胺腈及其选定转化产物对海洋生态系统进行生态风险评估的研究。氟虫腈及其转化产物被证明与环境相关，对水生物种具有潜在高风险。我们的研究为氟虫腈、新烟碱类杀虫剂、氟啶虫胺腈及其转化产物在浅海沿岸海域对海洋物种的归宿和生态风险提供了新的见解。
