Clinical HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Sandringham, South Africa
TASK Applied Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Dec 7;14(12):e245612. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245612.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) continues to pose a threat to the global eradication of TB. Regimens for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB are lengthy and poorly tolerated, often with unsuccessful outcomes. The TB Alliance Nix-TB trial investigated the safety and efficacy of a 26-week regimen of bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid (BPaL) in participants with XDR-TB, multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB treatment failure or intolerance. In this trial 9 out of 10 participants were cured. We describe a trial participant with XDR-TB who presented with new-onset seizures soon after BPaL treatment completion. Imaging showed a right temporal ring-enhancing lesion, and a sterile tuberculous granuloma was confirmed after a diagnostic, excisional biopsy. Learning points include management of a participant with a tuberculoma after BPaL completion, efficacy of new medications for central nervous system (CNS) TB and a review of their CNS penetration. This is the first case of pretomanid use in CNS TB.
耐多药结核病(DR-TB)仍然对全球结核病消除构成威胁。广泛耐药结核病(XDR)的治疗方案冗长且耐受性差,往往结局不佳。TB 联盟 Nix-TB 试验研究了贝达喹啉、普托马尼和利奈唑胺(BPaL)26 周疗程治疗 XDR-TB、耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)治疗失败或不耐受的安全性和疗效。在这项试验中,90%的参与者被治愈。我们描述了一位 XDR-TB 试验参与者,在 BPaL 治疗完成后不久出现新发癫痫。影像学显示右侧颞叶环形增强病变,在诊断性切除活检后证实为无菌结核性肉芽肿。学习要点包括 BPaL 完成后结核瘤参与者的管理、新的中枢神经系统(CNS)结核病药物的疗效以及对其 CNS 穿透性的回顾。这是首例 CNS-TB 使用普托马尼的病例。