Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Feb 15;424(Pt A):127369. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127369. Epub 2021 Sep 29.
Low-carbon stabilization/solidification (S/S) is of increasing importance as an option for the treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MIFA). This study tailored four binders (e.g., ordinary Portland cement (OPC), calcium aluminate cement (CAC), phosphate-modified OPC, and phosphate-modified CAC) for S/S of MIFA and evaluated the cytotoxicity of treated MIFA by using A549 cell-based in-vitro assay. After S/S treatment, the leachability of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb from MIFA decreased by 76.1%, 93.4%, 69.6%, and 85.5%, respectively. Spectroscopic analysis indicated that the hydration products determined the immobilization efficiencies of various binders, and strong bonding between metallic cations and phosphate enhanced the immobilization efficiency. The treated MIFA showed significantly lower cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing abilities than original MIFA, in which with phosphate-modified OPC treated MIFA showed the lowest ROS levels. Intracellular ROS and multicytotoxicity results also revealed that the treated MIFA not only decreased the cytotoxicity-inducing capability but also enhanced the tolerant dosage of cytotoxicity, in which phosphate-modified S/S treatments showed more effective mitigation (25% less cytotoxicity) than plain cement treatments due to the high-efficiency immobilization of potentially toxic elements. This study develops a pioneering assessment protocol to measure the success of sustainable treatment of MIFA in human health perspective.
低碳稳定/固化（S/S）作为处理城市固体废物焚烧飞灰（MIFA）的一种选择，其重要性日益增加。本研究针对四种粘结剂（例如普通波特兰水泥（OPC）、铝酸钙水泥（CAC）、磷酸改性 OPC 和磷酸改性 CAC）进行了定制，以用于 MIFA 的 S/S，并通过基于 A549 细胞的体外测定评估了处理后的 MIFA 的细胞毒性。S/S 处理后，MIFA 中 Cr、Cu、Zn 和 Pb 的浸出率分别降低了 76.1%、93.4%、69.6%和 85.5%。光谱分析表明，水化产物决定了各种粘结剂的固定效率，金属阳离子和磷酸盐之间的强键合增强了固定效率。处理后的 MIFA 显示出明显低于原始 MIFA 的细胞活性氧（ROS）诱导能力，其中磷酸改性 OPC 处理的 MIFA 显示出最低的 ROS 水平。细胞内 ROS 和多细胞毒性结果还表明，处理后的 MIFA 不仅降低了细胞毒性诱导能力，而且增强了细胞毒性的耐受剂量，其中由于潜在毒性元素的高效固定，磷酸改性 S/S 处理比普通水泥处理具有更有效的缓解作用（减少 25%的细胞毒性）。本研究开发了一种开创性的评估方案，从人类健康的角度衡量 MIFA 可持续处理的成功。
