Center for Energy Environment & Economy Research, School of Tourism Management, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Yellow River Institute for Ecological Protection & Regionally Coordinated Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 30;18(23):12650. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312650.
How to achieve the continuous improvement of the environmental performance level of the power industry within the requirements of clean and low-carbon energy development is the fundamental requirement and inevitable choice for the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development. From the perspective of environmental protection, based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and the internal mechanism of power system production and supply, the power industry environmental efficiency evaluation index system was constructed, and the two-stage Network Slack-based Measure (NSBM) model considering undesired output was used to calculate China's 30 provinces and municipalities from 1998 to 2019. The environmental efficiency is divided into two links: power generation efficiency and transmission and distribution efficiency. The study found that, within the research interval, the overall environmental efficiency of China's 30 provinces is low, and the differences between provinces and cities are large, but they have gradually developed in a better direction after 2015. The power generation efficiency of the first link in most provinces and municipalities is higher than the transmission and distribution efficiency of the second link, and the low transmission and distribution efficiency is an important reason for the low comprehensive level of environmental efficiency. The overall evolution trend of environmental efficiency in the six regions of China is roughly the same, but the regional differences are obvious, showing a trend of "high in the southeast and low in the northwest". The economic and natural resource differences in different provinces and cities in each region have led to varying degrees of redundancy in five aspects, including investment in power assets, installed power generation capacity, and length of transmission lines, which seriously affect the environmental efficiency of the power industry. This research attempts to open the "black box" of the environmental efficiency conversion process of the power industry, which can provide directions and strategic suggestions for the improvement of the efficiency of the power industry in China.
如何在清洁低碳能源发展要求下实现电力行业环境绩效水平的持续提升，是生态文明建设和可持续发展的根本要求和必然选择。本研究从环境保护角度出发，基于数据包络分析（DEA）方法和电力系统生产供应的内在机制，构建了电力行业环境效率评价指标体系，并采用考虑非期望产出的两阶段网络松弛测度（NSBM）模型，对中国 1998-2019 年 30 个省、市、自治区的电力行业环境效率进行了测算。将电力行业环境效率分为发电效率和输配电效率两个环节。研究发现，在所研究的区间内，中国 30 个省、市、自治区的整体环境效率水平较低，且省际差异较大，但自 2015 年以来，整体呈向好发展态势。大部分省、市、自治区的第一环节发电效率均高于第二环节输配电效率，输配电效率低是综合环境效率水平不高的重要原因。中国六大区域的环境效率整体演变趋势大致相同，但区域差异明显，呈现出“东南高、西北低”的态势。不同区域内各省、市、自治区的经济和自然资源差异导致电力资产投资、装机容量和输电线路长度等五个方面存在不同程度的冗余，严重影响了电力行业的环境效率。本研究试图打开电力行业环境效率转化过程的“黑箱”，为提高中国电力行业效率提供方向和战略建议。
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