Robillard Tony, Desutter-Grandcolas Laure
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, USM601 MNHN & FRE2695 CNRS, Case Postale 50 (Entomologie), 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
Cladistics. 2004 Jun;20(3):271-293. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00025.x.
Calling with a tegminal stridulatory apparatus is widespread in crickets. However, the evolution of cricket stridulums has been poorly studied and then only on the basis of prephylogenetic models, which are unable to account for the huge diversity recently documented for acoustic features in crickets. The present paper focuses on the evolution of acoustic devices in the subfamily Eneopterinae. This is the first attempt to reconstruct the phylogeny of a large and diverse cricket clade in order to analyze the evolution of emitting structures using precise homology statements. In the first step, we reconstruct the phylogeny of this clade using a morphological data set of 193 characters and 45 taxa. The resultant phylogeny supports the monophyly of the subfamily and that of the 13 genera represented by at least two species in our taxonomic sample. Phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily also support the definition of five tribes: Eurepini, Eneopterini, Nisitrini, Xenogryllini and Lebinthini. In the second step, the evolution of acoustic devices is studied by optimization of venation characters defined on precise homology statements. As hypothesized by previous authors, losses of acoustic communication occur independently in the course of eneopterine evolution; however, they happen abruptly with no intermediate state. Our results also document for the first time the modalities of forewing evolution: the diversification of male forewing venation originates from two processes, a continuous and regular modification process, responsible for slight venation change; and an irregular, more intense punctuated process, allowing the emergence of different venations. This diversification process with sudden changes could be related to the occurrence of acoustic novelties in advertisement calls.
使用 tegminal 摩擦发声器官鸣叫在蟋蟀中很普遍。然而，蟋蟀摩擦发声器官的进化研究较少，且仅基于系统发育前的模型，这些模型无法解释最近记录的蟋蟀声学特征的巨大多样性。本文重点关注 Eneopterinae 亚科声学装置的进化。这是首次尝试重建一个大型且多样的蟋蟀类群的系统发育，以便使用精确的同源性陈述来分析发声结构的进化。第一步，我们使用包含 193 个特征和 45 个分类单元的形态学数据集重建该类群的系统发育。所得的系统发育支持该亚科的单系性以及我们分类样本中至少由两个物种代表的 13 个属的单系性。亚科内的系统发育关系也支持五个族的定义：Eurepini、Eneopterini、Nisitrini、Xenogryllini 和 Lebinthini。第二步，通过对基于精确同源性陈述定义的脉序特征进行优化来研究声学装置的进化。正如先前作者所假设的，声学通讯的丧失在 Eneopterinae 进化过程中独立发生；然而，它们是突然发生的，没有中间状态。我们的结果还首次记录了前翅进化的方式：雄性前翅脉序的多样化源于两个过程，一个是连续且规则的修改过程，导致脉序略有变化；另一个是不规则、更强烈的间断过程，允许出现不同的脉序。这种带有突然变化的多样化过程可能与求偶鸣叫中声学新奇性的出现有关。
