Guerra-Carvalho Bárbara, Carrageta David F, Crisóstomo Luís, Carvalho Rui A, Alves Marco G, Oliveira Pedro F
Department of Anatomy, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
Department of Anatomy, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2022 Nov;246:106896. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106896. Epub 2021 Dec 1.
The renewal of the natural resources is one of the most concerning aspects of modern farming. In animal production, there are many barriers breeders and researchers have to overcome to develop new practices to improve reproductive potential and hasten sexual maturation of the commercially viable species, while maintaining meat quality and sustainability. With the utilization of molecular biology techniques, there have been relevant advances in the knowledge of spermatogenesis, especially in mammals, resulting in new possibilities to control male fertility and the selection of desirable characteristics. Most of these discoveries have not been implemented in animal production. In this review, recent studies are highlighted on the molecular pathways involved in spermatogenesis in the context of animal production. There is also exploration of the interaction between environmental factors and spermatogenesis and how this knowledge may revolutionize animal production techniques. Furthermore, new insights are described about the inheritance of desired characteristics in mammals and there is a review of nefarious actions of pollutants, nutrition, and metabolism on reproductive potential in subsequent generations. Even though there are these advances in knowledge base, results from recent studies indicate there are previously unrecognized environmental effects on spermatogenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction are not well understood. Research in spermatogenesis, therefore, remains pivotal as a pillar of animal production sustainability.
自然资源的更新是现代农业最受关注的方面之一。在动物生产中，育种者和研究人员要开发新的方法来提高商业可行物种的繁殖潜力并加速其性成熟，同时还要保持肉质和可持续性，面临着诸多障碍。随着分子生物学技术的应用，尤其是在哺乳动物中，精子发生的相关知识取得了显著进展，这为控制雄性生育能力和选择理想特征带来了新的可能性。然而，这些发现大多尚未应用于动物生产。在这篇综述中，重点介绍了动物生产背景下精子发生所涉及的分子途径的最新研究。还探讨了环境因素与精子发生之间的相互作用，以及这些知识如何可能彻底改变动物生产技术。此外，还阐述了关于哺乳动物理想特征遗传的新见解，并回顾了污染物、营养和代谢对后代繁殖潜力的有害影响。尽管在知识库方面有这些进展，但最近的研究结果表明，存在以前未被认识到的环境对精子发生的影响。这种相互作用的分子机制尚不清楚。因此，精子发生的研究作为动物生产可持续性的支柱仍然至关重要。
