Noureldin Marwa, Gordon Sarah K, McCafferty Renee, Campbell Jennifer A
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Natural & Health Sciences, 10627 Diebold Road, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, United States.
Pharmacy Practice, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Natural & Health Sciences, 10627 Diebold Road, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, United States.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2021 Dec;13(12):1659-1667. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2021.09.028. Epub 2021 Oct 2.
Capstone courses are ideal for reinforcing and assessing the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process (PPCP). The purpose of this study was to assess pharmacy students' (1) self-efficacy in applying PPCP components before and after a capstone course, (2) performance in applying PPCP components in several assignments, and (3) self-efficacy in applying the PPCP during advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs).
Student evaluation included: (1) electronic surveys to assess students' self-efficacy in applying three components of the PPCP (Collect, Assess, and Plan) via a pre-/retrospective pre-/post-survey design, (2) course evaluations, and (3) an electronic survey to assess students' self-efficacy in applying the PPCP after completing five APPEs. Faculty evaluation included rubrics assessing performance in applying the PPCP model given patient cases. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and mixed-effects linear modeling were conducted.
Sixty-four students participated in the course during spring 2018. The sum mean self-efficacy scores for the PPCP components significantly improved between the beginning and end of the course (P < .05). There was a significant increase in evaluators' ratings of students' ability to apply the PPCP (P < .05). The sum mean self-efficacy scores for the PPCP components did not change significantly between the end of the course and after completion of five APPEs, except for a few specific items.
A capstone course integrating the PPCP in patient case assignments resulted in improved student performance and self-efficacy in applying three PPCP components (Collect, Assess, and Plan). Students' self-efficacy remained consistent after the course concluded and during APPEs.
顶点课程是强化和评估药剂师患者护理流程（PPCP）的理想选择。本研究的目的是评估药学专业学生：（1）在顶点课程前后应用PPCP各组成部分的自我效能感；（2）在多项作业中应用PPCP各组成部分的表现；（3）在高级药学实践经验（APPE）期间应用PPCP的自我效能感。
学生评估包括：（1）通过课前/回顾性课前/课后调查设计进行电子调查，以评估学生应用PPCP三个组成部分（收集、评估和计划）的自我效能感；（2）课程评估；（3）在完成五次APPE后进行电子调查，以评估学生应用PPCP的自我效能感。教师评估包括根据给定的患者案例，使用评分标准评估学生应用PPCP模型的表现。进行了描述性统计、配对t检验和混合效应线性建模。
2018年春季，64名学生参加了该课程。课程开始和结束时，PPCP各组成部分的自我效能感总分平均得分显著提高（P < 0.05）。评估者对学生应用PPCP能力的评分显著提高（P < 0.05）。除了一些特定项目外，课程结束时和完成五次APPE后，PPCP各组成部分的自我效能感总分平均得分没有显著变化。
将PPCP整合到患者案例作业中的顶点课程，提高了学生在应用PPCP三个组成部分（收集、评估和计划）方面的表现和自我效能感。课程结束后以及在APPE期间，学生的自我效能感保持一致。
