Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 25;809:152159. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152159. Epub 2021 Dec 9.
The exploration of the distribution and dietetic-related health risks of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in industrial-agricultural interaction regions (IAIRs) is of significant importance, due to the transfer of many PFAA-related factories to developing countries with intensive agricultural activities. In the present study, based on the local diet, edible parts of rice, vegetables, fish, and their corresponding soils and irrigation/aquaculture water were investigated in a typical Chinese city (Changshu). The concentrations of total perfluoroalkyl acids (ΣPFAAs) in the edible parts of rice /vegetables and fish tissues ranged from 26.69 to 37.09 ng/g dw, 12.93 to 40.77 ng/g dw, and 13.27 to 29.82 ng/g ww, with perfluorohexanoic acid (PFPeA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) as the most dominant compounds. The PFAA concentrations in the corresponding rice soils, vegetable soils, irrigation water, and aquaculture water ranged from 11.99 to 26.33 ng/g dw, 14.06 to 36.19 ng/g dw, 141.36 to 297.00 ng/L, and 179.23 to 235.82 ng/L, respectively. Biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) values for the plant-soil system were far greater than those for bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values for the plant-irrigation water system. PFAAs were more inclined to accumulate in the gills of fish as determined by their highest BAF values. Correlation analysis showed that PFAAs in root vegetables had a stronger correlation with those in soil compared with those in irrigation water. Source analysis showed that emissions from fluoride industries, textiles, and food industries may be the dominant sources of PFAAs in agricultural environments. The estimated dietary intake (EDI) for the selected diet was lower than that for rice/vegetables but was higher than that found in fish. Toddlers (2-5 years) had the highest exposure risk, and rural residents were more exposed to PFAAs than urban residents under the selected diet.
全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）在工农交互区（IAIRs）的分布和与饮食相关的健康风险的研究具有重要意义，因为许多与 PFAAs 相关的工厂已转移到农业活动密集的发展中国家。本研究基于当地饮食，对中国典型城市（常熟）的水稻、蔬菜、鱼类的可食用部分及其相应的土壤和灌溉/水产养殖用水进行了调查。水稻/蔬菜可食用部分和鱼类组织中总全氟烷基酸（ΣPFAAs）的浓度范围分别为 26.69-37.09ng/g dw、12.93-40.77ng/g dw 和 13.27-29.82ng/g ww，其中以全氟己酸（PFPeA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）为主要化合物。相应的稻田土壤、菜地土壤、灌溉用水和水产养殖水中的 PFAA 浓度范围分别为 11.99-26.33ng/g dw、14.06-36.19ng/g dw、141.36-297.00ng/L 和 179.23-235.82ng/L。植物-土壤系统的生物沉积物积累因子（BSAF）值远大于植物-灌溉水系统的生物积累因子（BAF）值。根据最高的 BAF 值，PFAAs 更倾向于在鱼类的鳃中积累。相关分析表明，与灌溉水相比，根菜中 PFAAs 与土壤中的 PFAAs 相关性更强。来源分析表明，氟化物工业、纺织业和食品工业的排放可能是农业环境中 PFAAs 的主要来源。所选饮食的估计膳食摄入量（EDI）低于水稻/蔬菜，但高于鱼类。幼儿（2-5 岁）的暴露风险最高，与所选饮食下的城市居民相比，农村居民暴露于 PFAAs 的风险更高。
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