Wan Yi, Wang Shiliang, Cao Xuezhi, Cao Yuanxin, Zhang Lu, Wang Hui, Liu Jinfeng
School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826, China.
State Key Joint Laboratory on Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Mar;189(3):100. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-5807-8. Epub 2017 Feb 9.
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been observed in various environmental matrices globally in recent years. In this study, the levels, spatial distribution tendencies, and partitioning characteristics of the target 12 PFAAs were investigated in water and sediment from the coastal regions of Shandong peninsula in China, and two sediment core samples were also collected to study the vertical and historical variation of PFAAs. The ranges (means) of total PFAA concentrations were 23.69-148.48 ng/L (76.11 ng/L) in the water and 1.30-11.17 ng/g (5.93 ng/g) in the surface sediment, respectively. Among the target 12 PFAAs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant component in water, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). PFOS, perfluoroundecanoic acid, and PFOA were the dominant components in sediment. For their spatial distribution, higher levels of PFAAs were found at the locations close to much developed cities. The PFAA concentrations showed an overall decreasing tendency with depth increase in the two sediment cores, which indicates that the extent of PFAAs pollution is aggravating trend in recent years. Results of the partition coefficient (K ) show that the compounds with longer carbon chains (C ≥ 7) generally had higher K values, which suggest that long-chain PFAAs are prone to be adsorbed by sediment. In addition, the Log K of PFHxA, PFOA, and PFOS were significantly and positively correlated to the salinity of the water. The results of risk assessment suggest appreciable risk of PFAAs to the local ecosystem.
近年来，全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）在全球各种环境介质中均有发现。本研究对中国山东半岛沿海地区水体和沉积物中12种目标PFAAs的含量、空间分布趋势及分配特征进行了调查，并采集了两个沉积物岩芯样本以研究PFAAs的垂向变化和历史变化。水体中总PFAAs浓度范围（均值）为23.69 - 148.48 ng/L（76.11 ng/L），表层沉积物中为1.30 - 11.17 ng/g（5.93 ng/g）。在12种目标PFAAs中，全氟辛酸（PFOA）是水体中的主要成分，其次是全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟己酸（PFHxA）。PFOS、全氟十一酸和PFOA是沉积物中的主要成分。就其空间分布而言，在靠近发达城市的地点发现了较高水平的PFAAs。两个沉积物岩芯中PFAAs浓度总体上随深度增加呈下降趋势，这表明近年来PFAAs的污染程度呈加重趋势。分配系数（K ）结果表明，碳链较长（C ≥ 7）的化合物通常具有较高的K 值，这表明长链PFAAs易于被沉积物吸附。此外，PFHxA、PFOA和PFOS的Log K 与水体盐度呈显著正相关。风险评估结果表明PFAAs对当地生态系统存在明显风险。
