Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 1;810:152223. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152223. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
While plant growth promotion with increased nutrient uptake had been well addressed for biochar soil amendment in agriculture, there was limited knowledge on the variation of such effects with crop genotypes. In a rice field experiment without and with biochar soil amendment at 20 t ha, 19 mutants of a rice cultivar Wuyunjing 7 (Oryza sativa L.) were tested for plant growth in split plots respectively. At harvest, the biomass of grain, stem and leaves were measured and soil and plant samples were collected for measuring N, P and K nutrients. Across the 19 mutants, relative change with biochar soil amendment varied in a range of -41.6% to +35.6% for biomass production and agronomic traits, and -87.0% to +117% for nutrient accumulation. For the nutrients content, the relative change for N was seen in a narrow range of -29.4% to +16.6%, being similar among grain, leaf and shoot samples while that for P in a wide range of -109% to +105%. With factor analysis, variation of biomass and nutrient uptake was least explained with biochar effect (up to 7.0%) but largely by genotype effect (mostly by 40-70%). However, the genotype × biochar interaction effect could also explain 10-40% of the total variations though the interaction explained 40-70% of leaf P variation. Therefore, mutant and mutant × biochar interactions dominated the agronomic variation of rice production of the Wuyunjing 7 cultivar. Furthermore, across the traits analyzed, genotype effects were shown very significantly but negatively correlated to biochar effects. In other words, biochar soil amendment provided little growth or nutrient enhancement for those mutants bred for high efficiency. Hence, genotype selection should be considered in optimizing prioritizing biochar application in crop production. Of course, variation of biochar effect with crop genotypes deserved further plant physio-ecological studies.
虽然生物炭土壤改良在农业中对增加养分吸收的促进植物生长已有很好的研究，但对于这种作用随作物基因型的变化的知识有限。在一个没有和有生物炭土壤改良的（用量为 20 吨/公顷）水稻田间试验中，19 个水稻品种 Wuyunjing 7（Oryza sativa L.）的突变体分别在裂区中进行了植物生长测试。收获时，测量了谷物、茎和叶的生物量，并采集了土壤和植物样本，用于测量 N、P 和 K 养分。在 19 个突变体中，生物炭土壤改良的相对变化在生物量和农艺性状的生产中变化范围为-41.6%至+35.6%，在养分积累中变化范围为-87.0%至+117%。对于养分含量，N 的相对变化范围较窄，为-29.4%至+16.6%，在谷物、叶片和茎样本中相似，而 P 的相对变化范围较宽，为-109%至+105%。通过因子分析，生物炭效应（最高 7.0%）对生物量和养分吸收的变异解释最小，而基因型效应（主要为 40-70%）则很大。然而，基因型×生物炭互作效应也可以解释 10-40%的总变异，尽管互作解释了叶片 P 变异的 40-70%。因此，突变体和突变体×生物炭互作主导了 Wuyunjing 7 品种水稻产量的农艺变异。此外，在所分析的性状中，基因型效应非常显著但与生物炭效应呈负相关。换句话说，生物炭土壤改良对那些为高效率而培育的突变体几乎没有提供生长或养分增强。因此，在优化作物生产中生物炭应用的优先级时，应该考虑基因型选择。当然，生物炭效应随作物基因型的变化值得进一步进行植物生理生态研究。
