Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2023 Jan;49(1):81-96. doi: 10.1177/01461672211059689. Epub 2021 Dec 14.
Experimental research and real-world events demonstrate a puzzling phenomenon-anxiety, which primarily inspires caution, sometimes precedes bouts of risk-taking. We conducted three studies to test whether this phenomenon is due to the regulation of anxiety via reactive approach motivation (RAM), which leaves people less sensitive to negative outcomes and thus more likely to take risks. In Study 1 ( = 231), an achievement anxiety threat caused increased risk-taking on the Behavioral Analogue Risk Task (BART) among trait approach-motivated participants. Using electroencephalogram in Study 2 ( = 97), an economic anxiety threat increased behavioral inhibition system-specific theta activity, a neural correlate of anxiety, which was associated with an increase in risk-taking on the BART among trait approach-motivated participants. In a preregistered Study 3 ( = 432), we replicated the findings of Study 1. These results offer preliminary support for the reactive risk-taking hypothesis.
实验研究和真实事件揭示了一个令人费解的现象——焦虑，它主要激发谨慎，有时则预示着冒险行为。我们进行了三项研究，以检验这种现象是否归因于通过反应性趋近动机（RAM）对焦虑的调节，这种调节使人们对负面结果的敏感度降低，从而更有可能冒险。在研究 1（n=231）中，成就焦虑威胁导致特质趋近动机参与者在行为模拟风险任务（BART）中增加了冒险行为。在研究 2（n=97）中，使用脑电图，经济焦虑威胁增加了行为抑制系统特异性θ活动，这是焦虑的神经相关物，与特质趋近动机参与者在 BART 上的冒险行为增加有关。在预先注册的研究 3（n=432）中，我们复制了研究 1 的发现。这些结果初步支持了反应性冒险假说。
