Cuomo Giovanna, Maglianella Valerio, Ghanbari Ghooshchy Sheida, Zoccolotti Pierluigi, Martelli Marialuisa, Paolucci Stefano, Morone Giovanni, Iosa Marco
Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2022 Jan;22(1):43-51. doi: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2018301. Epub 2021 Dec 28.
Motor imagery (MI), defined as the ability to mentally represent an action without actual movement, has been used to improve motor function in athletes and, more recently, in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Several studies have investigated the neural correlates of motor imagery, which change also depending on the action imagined.
This review focuses on locomotion, which is a crucial activity in everyday life and is often impaired by neurological conditions. After a general discussion on the neural correlates of motor imagery and locomotion, we review the evidence highlighting the abnormalities in gait control and gait imagery in PD patients. Next, new perspectives and techniques for PD patients' rehabilitation are discussed, namely Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs), neurofeedback, and virtual reality (VR).
Despite the few studies, the literature review supports the potential beneficial effects of motor imagery interventions in PD focused on locomotion. The development of new technologies could empower the administration of training based on motor imagery locomotor tasks, and their application could lead to new rehabilitation protocols aimed at improving walking ability in patients with PD.
运动想象（MI）被定义为在没有实际动作的情况下在脑海中呈现动作的能力，已被用于改善运动员的运动功能，最近也被用于帕金森病（PD）等神经系统疾病。多项研究调查了运动想象的神经关联，其也会根据想象的动作而改变。
本综述聚焦于行走，这是日常生活中的一项关键活动，且常因神经系统疾病而受损。在对运动想象和行走的神经关联进行一般性讨论后，我们回顾了突出帕金森病患者步态控制和步态想象异常的证据。接下来，讨论了针对帕金森病患者康复的新观点和技术，即脑机接口（BCI）、神经反馈和虚拟现实（VR）。
尽管研究较少，但文献综述支持了针对行走的运动想象干预对帕金森病的潜在有益效果。新技术的发展可以增强基于运动想象运动任务的训练管理，其应用可能会带来旨在改善帕金森病患者行走能力的新康复方案。
