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具有系统降低 HTT 活性的小分子剪接修饰物。

Small molecule splicing modifiers with systemic HTT-lowering activity.

机构信息

PTC Therapeutics, Inc. 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, USA.

Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.

出版信息

Nat Commun. 2021 Dec 15;12(1):7299. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27157-z.

Abstract

Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Consequently, the mutant protein is ubiquitously expressed and drives pathogenesis of HD through a toxic gain-of-function mechanism. Animal models of HD have demonstrated that reducing huntingtin (HTT) protein levels alleviates motor and neuropathological abnormalities. Investigational drugs aim to reduce HTT levels by repressing HTT transcription, stability or translation. These drugs require invasive procedures to reach the central nervous system (CNS) and do not achieve broad CNS distribution. Here, we describe the identification of orally bioavailable small molecules with broad distribution throughout the CNS, which lower HTT expression consistently throughout the CNS and periphery through selective modulation of pre-messenger RNA splicing. These compounds act by promoting the inclusion of a pseudoexon containing a premature termination codon (stop-codon psiExon), leading to HTT mRNA degradation and reduction of HTT levels.

摘要

亨廷顿病(HD)是一种遗传性神经退行性疾病,由亨廷顿(HTT)基因中胞嘧啶-腺嘌呤-鸟嘌呤(CAG)三核苷酸重复扩展引起。因此,突变蛋白广泛表达,并通过毒性获得功能机制驱动 HD 的发病机制。HD 的动物模型表明,降低亨廷顿(HTT)蛋白水平可减轻运动和神经病理学异常。研究药物旨在通过抑制 HTT 转录、稳定性或翻译来降低 HTT 水平。这些药物需要侵入性程序才能到达中枢神经系统(CNS),并且不能在广泛的 CNS 中分布。在这里,我们描述了鉴定具有广泛 CNS 分布的口服生物利用小分子的方法,这些小分子通过选择性调节前信使 RNA 剪接,一致地下调整个 CNS 和外周的 HTT 表达。这些化合物通过促进包含提前终止密码子(stop-codon psiExon)的假外显子的包含而起作用,导致 HTT mRNA 降解和 HTT 水平降低。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2d2d/8674292/929b888123c6/41467_2021_27157_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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