Lazar John T, Tabor Jeffrey J
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Curr Opin Syst Biol. 2021 Dec;28. doi: 10.1016/j.coisb.2021.100398. Epub 2021 Oct 15.
Two-component systems (TCSs) are a ubiquitous family of signal transduction pathways that enable bacteria to sense and respond to diverse physical, chemical, and biological stimuli outside and inside the cell. Synthetic biologists have begun to repurpose TCSs for applications in optogenetics, materials science, gut microbiome engineering, and soil nutrient biosensing, among others. New engineering methods including genetic refactoring, DNA-binding domain swapping, detection threshold tuning, and phosphorylation cross-talk insulation are being used to increase the reliability of TCS sensor performance and tailor TCS signaling properties to the requirements of specific applications. There is now potential to combine these methods with large-scale gene synthesis and laboratory screening to discover the inputs sensed by many uncharacterized TCSs and develop a large new family of genetically-encoded sensors that respond to an unrivaled breadth of stimuli.
双组分系统（TCSs）是一类广泛存在的信号转导通路，使细菌能够感知并响应细胞内外各种物理、化学和生物刺激。合成生物学家已开始将双组分系统用于光遗传学、材料科学、肠道微生物组工程和土壤养分生物传感等应用领域。包括基因重构、DNA结合结构域交换、检测阈值调整和磷酸化串扰隔离在内的新工程方法，正被用于提高双组分系统传感器性能的可靠性，并根据特定应用的需求定制双组分系统的信号特性。现在有可能将这些方法与大规模基因合成及实验室筛选相结合，以发现许多未表征的双组分系统所感知的输入信号，并开发出一个新的大型基因编码传感器家族，该家族能够响应范围无与伦比的刺激。
