College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.
Plant Cell Environ. 2022 Feb;45(2):378-391. doi: 10.1111/pce.14249. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
Maintenance of genome stability is an essential requirement for all living organisms. Formaldehyde and UV-B irradiation cause DNA damage and affect genome stability, growth and development, but the interplay between these two genotoxic factors is poorly understood in plants. We show that Arabidopsis adh2/gsnor1 mutant, which lacks alcohol dehydrogenase 2/S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (ADH2/GSNOR1), are hypersensitive to low fluence UV-B irradiation or UV-B irradiation-mimetic chemicals. Although the ADH2/GSNOR1 enzyme can act on different substrates, notably on S-hydroxymethylglutathione (HMG) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), our study provides several lines of evidence that the sensitivity of gsnor1 to UV-B is caused mainly by UV-B-induced formaldehyde accumulation rather than other factors such as alteration of the GSNO concentration. Our results demonstrate an interplay between formaldehyde and UV-B that exacerbates genome instability, leading to severe DNA damage and impaired growth and development in Arabidopsis, and show that ADH2/GSNOR1 is a key player in combating these effects.
维持基因组稳定性是所有生物的基本要求。甲醛和 UV-B 辐射会造成 DNA 损伤，影响基因组的稳定性、生长和发育，但这两种遗传毒性因素之间的相互作用在植物中还了解甚少。我们发现，拟南芥adh2/gsnor1 突变体（缺乏醇脱氢酶 2/S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽还原酶 1（ADH2/GSNOR1））对低剂量 UV-B 辐射或 UV-B 辐射模拟化学物质敏感。尽管 ADH2/GSNOR1 酶可以作用于不同的底物，特别是 S-羟甲基谷胱甘肽（HMG）和 S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽（GSNO），但我们的研究提供了几条证据，表明 gsnor1 对 UV-B 的敏感性主要是由 UV-B 诱导的甲醛积累引起的，而不是其他因素，如 GSNO 浓度的改变。我们的结果表明，甲醛和 UV-B 之间存在相互作用，会加剧基因组不稳定性，导致拟南芥严重的 DNA 损伤和生长发育受损，表明 ADH2/GSNOR1 是对抗这些影响的关键因素。
